Evaluation of Intracranial Hypertension in Traumatic Brain Injury Patient: A Noninvasive Approach Based on Cranial Computed Tomography Features

Background: Our purpose was to establish a noninvasive quantitative method for assessing intracranial pressure (ICP) levels in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) through investigating the Hounsfield unit (HU) features of computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: In this retrospective study, 47 patients with a closed TBI were recruited. Hounsfield unit features from the last cranial CT and the initial ICP value were collected. Three models were established to predict intracranial hypertension with Hounsfield unit (HU model), midline shift (MLS model), and clinical expertise (CE model) features. Results: The HU model had the highest ability to predict intracranial hypertension. In 34 patients with unilateral injury, the HU model displayed the highest performance. In three classifications of intracranial hypertension (ICP ≤ 22, 23–29, and ≥30 mmHg), the HU model achieved the highest F1 score. Conclusions: This radiological feature-based noninvasive quantitative approach showed better performance compared with conventional methods, such as the degree of midline shift and clinical expertise. The results show its potential in clinical practice and further research.