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The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms

Caregiving has been associated with increased levels of fear and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze when the relationship between fear and PTSS occur, using informal caregiving as a moderator variable. To explore this mode...

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Autores principales: Carballo, José Luis, Coloma-Carmona, Ainhoa, Arteseros-Bañón, Sara, Pérez-Jover, Virtudes
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8201199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204088
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116125
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author Carballo, José Luis
Coloma-Carmona, Ainhoa
Arteseros-Bañón, Sara
Pérez-Jover, Virtudes
author_facet Carballo, José Luis
Coloma-Carmona, Ainhoa
Arteseros-Bañón, Sara
Pérez-Jover, Virtudes
author_sort Carballo, José Luis
collection PubMed
description Caregiving has been associated with increased levels of fear and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze when the relationship between fear and PTSS occur, using informal caregiving as a moderator variable. To explore this moderating role, we conducted a cross-sectional online study between November 2020 and January 2021. A total of 503 men and women from the Spanish general population completed the survey. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data, fear of COVID-19, PTSS symptoms, and current psychological history were assessed. Prevalence of informal caregiving in the sample was 16.5%. Increased levels of fear and PTSS were found in caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Female gender and high number of COVID-19 related risk factors was also associated with fear and PTSS severity. The moderation analyses showed an interaction effect between caregiving and fear of COVID-19 when predicting PTSS symptoms. Particularly, results showed that informal caregivers reported greater PTSS symptoms, when compared to non-caregivers with same levels of fear of COVID-19. This evidence suggests that being a caregiver could increase the fear’s impact on PTSS severity in the context of pandemics. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.
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spelling pubmed-82011992021-06-15 The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Carballo, José Luis Coloma-Carmona, Ainhoa Arteseros-Bañón, Sara Pérez-Jover, Virtudes Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Caregiving has been associated with increased levels of fear and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze when the relationship between fear and PTSS occur, using informal caregiving as a moderator variable. To explore this moderating role, we conducted a cross-sectional online study between November 2020 and January 2021. A total of 503 men and women from the Spanish general population completed the survey. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data, fear of COVID-19, PTSS symptoms, and current psychological history were assessed. Prevalence of informal caregiving in the sample was 16.5%. Increased levels of fear and PTSS were found in caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Female gender and high number of COVID-19 related risk factors was also associated with fear and PTSS severity. The moderation analyses showed an interaction effect between caregiving and fear of COVID-19 when predicting PTSS symptoms. Particularly, results showed that informal caregivers reported greater PTSS symptoms, when compared to non-caregivers with same levels of fear of COVID-19. This evidence suggests that being a caregiver could increase the fear’s impact on PTSS severity in the context of pandemics. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings. MDPI 2021-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8201199/ /pubmed/34204088 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116125 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Carballo, José Luis
Coloma-Carmona, Ainhoa
Arteseros-Bañón, Sara
Pérez-Jover, Virtudes
The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
title The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
title_full The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
title_fullStr The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
title_full_unstemmed The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
title_short The Moderating Role of Caregiving on Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
title_sort moderating role of caregiving on fear of covid-19 and post-traumatic stress symptoms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8201199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34204088
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116125
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