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Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking

During human walking, mechanical energy transfers between segments via joints. Joint mechanics of the human body are coordinated with each other to adapt to speed change. The aim of this study is to analyze the functional behaviors of major joints during walking, and how joints and segments alter wa...

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Autores principales: Hu, Zheqi, Ren, Lei, Hu, Dan, Gao, Yilei, Wei, Guowu, Qian, Zhihui, Wang, Kunyang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8201992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34136472
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.666428
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author Hu, Zheqi
Ren, Lei
Hu, Dan
Gao, Yilei
Wei, Guowu
Qian, Zhihui
Wang, Kunyang
author_facet Hu, Zheqi
Ren, Lei
Hu, Dan
Gao, Yilei
Wei, Guowu
Qian, Zhihui
Wang, Kunyang
author_sort Hu, Zheqi
collection PubMed
description During human walking, mechanical energy transfers between segments via joints. Joint mechanics of the human body are coordinated with each other to adapt to speed change. The aim of this study is to analyze the functional behaviors of major joints during walking, and how joints and segments alter walking speed during different periods (collision, rebound, preload, and push-off) of stance phase. In this study, gait experiment was performed with three different self-selected speeds. Mechanical works of joints and segments were determined with collected data. Joint function indices were calculated based on net joint work. The results show that the primary functional behaviors of joints would not change with altering walking speed, but the function indices might be changed slightly (e.g., strut functions decrease with increasing walking speed). Waist acts as strut during stance phase and contributes to keep stability during collision when walking faster. Knee of stance leg does not contribute to altering walking speed. Hip and ankle absorb more mechanical energy to buffer the strike during collision with increasing walking speed. What is more, hip and ankle generate more energy during push-off with greater motion to push distal segments forward with increasing walking speed. Ankle also produces more mechanical energy during push-off to compensate the increased heel-strike collision of contralateral leg during faster walking. Thus, human may utilize the cooperation of hip and ankle during collision and push-off to alter walking speed. These findings indicate that speed change in walking leads to fundamental changes to joint mechanics.
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spelling pubmed-82019922021-06-15 Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking Hu, Zheqi Ren, Lei Hu, Dan Gao, Yilei Wei, Guowu Qian, Zhihui Wang, Kunyang Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology During human walking, mechanical energy transfers between segments via joints. Joint mechanics of the human body are coordinated with each other to adapt to speed change. The aim of this study is to analyze the functional behaviors of major joints during walking, and how joints and segments alter walking speed during different periods (collision, rebound, preload, and push-off) of stance phase. In this study, gait experiment was performed with three different self-selected speeds. Mechanical works of joints and segments were determined with collected data. Joint function indices were calculated based on net joint work. The results show that the primary functional behaviors of joints would not change with altering walking speed, but the function indices might be changed slightly (e.g., strut functions decrease with increasing walking speed). Waist acts as strut during stance phase and contributes to keep stability during collision when walking faster. Knee of stance leg does not contribute to altering walking speed. Hip and ankle absorb more mechanical energy to buffer the strike during collision with increasing walking speed. What is more, hip and ankle generate more energy during push-off with greater motion to push distal segments forward with increasing walking speed. Ankle also produces more mechanical energy during push-off to compensate the increased heel-strike collision of contralateral leg during faster walking. Thus, human may utilize the cooperation of hip and ankle during collision and push-off to alter walking speed. These findings indicate that speed change in walking leads to fundamental changes to joint mechanics. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8201992/ /pubmed/34136472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.666428 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hu, Ren, Hu, Gao, Wei, Qian and Wang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Hu, Zheqi
Ren, Lei
Hu, Dan
Gao, Yilei
Wei, Guowu
Qian, Zhihui
Wang, Kunyang
Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
title Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
title_full Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
title_fullStr Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
title_full_unstemmed Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
title_short Speed-Related Energy Flow and Joint Function Change During Human Walking
title_sort speed-related energy flow and joint function change during human walking
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8201992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34136472
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.666428
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