Cargando…

Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging

The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factor...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Carapeto, Priscila Viana, Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202894/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34001677
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203051
_version_ 1783708057721634816
author Carapeto, Priscila Viana
Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina
author_facet Carapeto, Priscila Viana
Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina
author_sort Carapeto, Priscila Viana
collection PubMed
description The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8202894
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Impact Journals
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82028942021-06-15 Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging Carapeto, Priscila Viana Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina Aging (Albany NY) Review The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms. Impact Journals 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8202894/ /pubmed/34001677 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203051 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Carapeto and Aguayo-Mazzucato. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Carapeto, Priscila Viana
Aguayo-Mazzucato, Cristina
Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
title Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
title_full Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
title_fullStr Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
title_full_unstemmed Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
title_short Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
title_sort effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202894/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34001677
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.203051
work_keys_str_mv AT carapetopriscilaviana effectsofexerciseoncellularandtissueaging
AT aguayomazzucatocristina effectsofexerciseoncellularandtissueaging