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Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (SEE) is a host-restricted bacterium that causes the common infectious upper respiratory disease known as strangles in horses. Perpetuation of SEE infection appears attributable to inapparent carrier horses because it neither persists long-term in the environment nor i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202921/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34125848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252804 |
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author | Morris, Ellen Ruth A. Boyle, Ashley G. Riihimäki, Miia Aspán, Anna Anis, Eman Hillhouse, Andrew E. Ivanov, Ivan Bordin, Angela I. Pringle, John Cohen, Noah D. |
author_facet | Morris, Ellen Ruth A. Boyle, Ashley G. Riihimäki, Miia Aspán, Anna Anis, Eman Hillhouse, Andrew E. Ivanov, Ivan Bordin, Angela I. Pringle, John Cohen, Noah D. |
author_sort | Morris, Ellen Ruth A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (SEE) is a host-restricted bacterium that causes the common infectious upper respiratory disease known as strangles in horses. Perpetuation of SEE infection appears attributable to inapparent carrier horses because it neither persists long-term in the environment nor infects other host mammals or vectors, and infection results in short-lived immunity. Whether pathogen factors enable SEE to remain in horses without causing clinical signs remains poorly understood. Thus, our objective was to use next-generation sequencing technologies to characterize the genome, methylome, and transcriptome of isolates of SEE from horses with acute clinical strangles and inapparent carrier horses—including isolates recovered from individual horses sampled repeatedly—to assess pathogen-associated changes that might reflect specific adaptions of SEE to the host that contribute to inapparent carriage. The accessory genome elements and methylome of SEE isolates from Sweden and Pennsylvania revealed no significant or consistent differences between acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE. RNA sequencing of SEE isolates from Pennsylvania demonstrated no genes that were differentially expressed between acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE. The absence of specific, consistent changes in the accessory genomes, methylomes, and transcriptomes of acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE indicates that adaptations of SEE to the host are unlikely to explain the carrier state of SEE. Efforts to understand the carrier state of SEE should instead focus on host factors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8202921 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82029212021-06-29 Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers Morris, Ellen Ruth A. Boyle, Ashley G. Riihimäki, Miia Aspán, Anna Anis, Eman Hillhouse, Andrew E. Ivanov, Ivan Bordin, Angela I. Pringle, John Cohen, Noah D. PLoS One Research Article Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (SEE) is a host-restricted bacterium that causes the common infectious upper respiratory disease known as strangles in horses. Perpetuation of SEE infection appears attributable to inapparent carrier horses because it neither persists long-term in the environment nor infects other host mammals or vectors, and infection results in short-lived immunity. Whether pathogen factors enable SEE to remain in horses without causing clinical signs remains poorly understood. Thus, our objective was to use next-generation sequencing technologies to characterize the genome, methylome, and transcriptome of isolates of SEE from horses with acute clinical strangles and inapparent carrier horses—including isolates recovered from individual horses sampled repeatedly—to assess pathogen-associated changes that might reflect specific adaptions of SEE to the host that contribute to inapparent carriage. The accessory genome elements and methylome of SEE isolates from Sweden and Pennsylvania revealed no significant or consistent differences between acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE. RNA sequencing of SEE isolates from Pennsylvania demonstrated no genes that were differentially expressed between acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE. The absence of specific, consistent changes in the accessory genomes, methylomes, and transcriptomes of acute clinical and inapparent carrier isolates of SEE indicates that adaptations of SEE to the host are unlikely to explain the carrier state of SEE. Efforts to understand the carrier state of SEE should instead focus on host factors. Public Library of Science 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8202921/ /pubmed/34125848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252804 Text en © 2021 Morris et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Morris, Ellen Ruth A. Boyle, Ashley G. Riihimäki, Miia Aspán, Anna Anis, Eman Hillhouse, Andrew E. Ivanov, Ivan Bordin, Angela I. Pringle, John Cohen, Noah D. Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
title | Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
title_full | Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
title_fullStr | Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
title_full_unstemmed | Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
title_short | Differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
title_sort | differences in the genome, methylome, and transcriptome do not differentiate isolates of streptococcus equi subsp. equi from horses with acute clinical signs from isolates of inapparent carriers |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202921/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34125848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252804 |
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