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Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea
This study is to elucidate the associations between female reproductive factors and pterygium. A total of 1,339,969 postmenopausal women in a retrospective cohort of Korean National Health Insurance Service data on ages 40 and above in 2009 was included. Cox proportional hazards regression was condu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8203797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34127737 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91968-9 |
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author | Shin, Eunhae Lim, Dong Hui Chung, Tae-Young Han, Gyule Yoo, Jung Eun Jeon, Keun Hye Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong Wook |
author_facet | Shin, Eunhae Lim, Dong Hui Chung, Tae-Young Han, Gyule Yoo, Jung Eun Jeon, Keun Hye Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong Wook |
author_sort | Shin, Eunhae |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study is to elucidate the associations between female reproductive factors and pterygium. A total of 1,339,969 postmenopausal women in a retrospective cohort of Korean National Health Insurance Service data on ages 40 and above in 2009 was included. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) for pterygium according to reproductive factors. Late menarche, early menopause, short reproductive period, increasing parity (≥ 2 children), breastfeeding (≥ 6 months), and no use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptive (OC) were significantly associated with risk of pterygium. In multivariate analysis, the HR for pterygium was 1.764 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.529–2.035) for menarche age ≥ 17 years (reference: menarche age < 12 years). The HR of menopause age ≥ 55 years was 0.782 (95% CI, 0.724–0.845) (reference: menopause age < 40 years). The HR of parity ≥ 2 was 1.261 (95% CI, 1.148–1.385) (reference: nulliparity). The HR of breastfeeding ≥ 1 year was 1.663 (95% CI, 1.564–1.768) (reference: no breastfeeding). The HRs of HRT and OC use for any length of time were lower than those for the non-user groups (reference). Reproductive factors that increase estrogen exposure have protective effects against pterygium in females. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8203797 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82037972021-06-16 Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea Shin, Eunhae Lim, Dong Hui Chung, Tae-Young Han, Gyule Yoo, Jung Eun Jeon, Keun Hye Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong Wook Sci Rep Article This study is to elucidate the associations between female reproductive factors and pterygium. A total of 1,339,969 postmenopausal women in a retrospective cohort of Korean National Health Insurance Service data on ages 40 and above in 2009 was included. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) for pterygium according to reproductive factors. Late menarche, early menopause, short reproductive period, increasing parity (≥ 2 children), breastfeeding (≥ 6 months), and no use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptive (OC) were significantly associated with risk of pterygium. In multivariate analysis, the HR for pterygium was 1.764 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.529–2.035) for menarche age ≥ 17 years (reference: menarche age < 12 years). The HR of menopause age ≥ 55 years was 0.782 (95% CI, 0.724–0.845) (reference: menopause age < 40 years). The HR of parity ≥ 2 was 1.261 (95% CI, 1.148–1.385) (reference: nulliparity). The HR of breastfeeding ≥ 1 year was 1.663 (95% CI, 1.564–1.768) (reference: no breastfeeding). The HRs of HRT and OC use for any length of time were lower than those for the non-user groups (reference). Reproductive factors that increase estrogen exposure have protective effects against pterygium in females. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8203797/ /pubmed/34127737 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91968-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Shin, Eunhae Lim, Dong Hui Chung, Tae-Young Han, Gyule Yoo, Jung Eun Jeon, Keun Hye Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong Wook Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea |
title | Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea |
title_full | Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea |
title_fullStr | Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea |
title_full_unstemmed | Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea |
title_short | Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea |
title_sort | reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the republic of korea |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8203797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34127737 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91968-9 |
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