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Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study
BACKGROUND: Air pollution derived from combustion is associated with considerable cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in addition to environmental effects. Replacing petrodiesel with biodiesel may have ecological benefits, but impacts on human health remain unquantified. The objective was to c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34127003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00412-3 |
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author | Unosson, Jon Kabéle, Mikael Boman, Christoffer Nyström, Robin Sadiktsis, Ioannis Westerholm, Roger Mudway, Ian S. Purdie, Esme Raftis, Jennifer Miller, Mark R. Mills, Nicholas L. Newby, David E. Blomberg, Anders Sandström, Thomas Bosson, Jenny A. |
author_facet | Unosson, Jon Kabéle, Mikael Boman, Christoffer Nyström, Robin Sadiktsis, Ioannis Westerholm, Roger Mudway, Ian S. Purdie, Esme Raftis, Jennifer Miller, Mark R. Mills, Nicholas L. Newby, David E. Blomberg, Anders Sandström, Thomas Bosson, Jenny A. |
author_sort | Unosson, Jon |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Air pollution derived from combustion is associated with considerable cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in addition to environmental effects. Replacing petrodiesel with biodiesel may have ecological benefits, but impacts on human health remain unquantified. The objective was to compare acute cardiovascular effects of blended and pure biodiesel exhaust exposure against known adverse effects of petrodiesel exhaust (PDE) exposure in human subjects. In two randomized controlled double-blind crossover studies, healthy volunteers were exposed to PDE or biodiesel exhaust for one hour. In study one, 16 subjects were exposed, on separate occasions, to PDE and 30% rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel blend (RME30) exhaust, aiming at PM(10) 300 μg/m(3). In study two, 19 male subjects were separately exposed to PDE and exhaust from a 100% RME fuel (RME100) using similar engine load and exhaust dilution. Generated exhaust was analyzed for physicochemical composition and oxidative potential. Following exposure, vascular endothelial function was assessed using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography and ex vivo thrombus formation was assessed using a Badimon chamber model of acute arterial injury. Biomarkers of inflammation, platelet activation and fibrinolysis were measured in the blood. RESULTS: In study 1, PDE and RME30 exposures were at comparable PM levels (314 ± 27 μg/m(3); (PM(10) ± SD) and 309 ± 30 μg/m(3) respectively), whereas in study 2, the PDE exposure concentrations remained similar (310 ± 34 μg/m(3)), but RME100 levels were lower in PM (165 ± 16 μg/m(3)) and PAHs, but higher in particle number concentration. Compared to PDE, PM from RME had less oxidative potential. Forearm infusion of the vasodilators acetylcholine, bradykinin, sodium nitroprusside and verapamil resulted in dose-dependent increases in blood flow after all exposures. Vasodilatation and ex vivo thrombus formation were similar following exposure to exhaust from petrodiesel and the two biodiesel formulations (RME30 and RME100). There were no significant differences in blood biomarkers or exhaled nitric oxide levels between exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences in PM composition and particle reactivity, controlled exposure to biodiesel exhaust was associated with similar cardiovascular effects to PDE. We suggest that the potential adverse health effects of biodiesel fuel emissions should be taken into account when evaluating future fuel policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01337882/NCT01883466. Date of first enrollment March 11, 2011, registered April 19, 2011, i.e. retrospectively registered. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00412-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8204543 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82045432021-06-16 Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study Unosson, Jon Kabéle, Mikael Boman, Christoffer Nyström, Robin Sadiktsis, Ioannis Westerholm, Roger Mudway, Ian S. Purdie, Esme Raftis, Jennifer Miller, Mark R. Mills, Nicholas L. Newby, David E. Blomberg, Anders Sandström, Thomas Bosson, Jenny A. Part Fibre Toxicol Research BACKGROUND: Air pollution derived from combustion is associated with considerable cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in addition to environmental effects. Replacing petrodiesel with biodiesel may have ecological benefits, but impacts on human health remain unquantified. The objective was to compare acute cardiovascular effects of blended and pure biodiesel exhaust exposure against known adverse effects of petrodiesel exhaust (PDE) exposure in human subjects. In two randomized controlled double-blind crossover studies, healthy volunteers were exposed to PDE or biodiesel exhaust for one hour. In study one, 16 subjects were exposed, on separate occasions, to PDE and 30% rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel blend (RME30) exhaust, aiming at PM(10) 300 μg/m(3). In study two, 19 male subjects were separately exposed to PDE and exhaust from a 100% RME fuel (RME100) using similar engine load and exhaust dilution. Generated exhaust was analyzed for physicochemical composition and oxidative potential. Following exposure, vascular endothelial function was assessed using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography and ex vivo thrombus formation was assessed using a Badimon chamber model of acute arterial injury. Biomarkers of inflammation, platelet activation and fibrinolysis were measured in the blood. RESULTS: In study 1, PDE and RME30 exposures were at comparable PM levels (314 ± 27 μg/m(3); (PM(10) ± SD) and 309 ± 30 μg/m(3) respectively), whereas in study 2, the PDE exposure concentrations remained similar (310 ± 34 μg/m(3)), but RME100 levels were lower in PM (165 ± 16 μg/m(3)) and PAHs, but higher in particle number concentration. Compared to PDE, PM from RME had less oxidative potential. Forearm infusion of the vasodilators acetylcholine, bradykinin, sodium nitroprusside and verapamil resulted in dose-dependent increases in blood flow after all exposures. Vasodilatation and ex vivo thrombus formation were similar following exposure to exhaust from petrodiesel and the two biodiesel formulations (RME30 and RME100). There were no significant differences in blood biomarkers or exhaled nitric oxide levels between exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences in PM composition and particle reactivity, controlled exposure to biodiesel exhaust was associated with similar cardiovascular effects to PDE. We suggest that the potential adverse health effects of biodiesel fuel emissions should be taken into account when evaluating future fuel policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01337882/NCT01883466. Date of first enrollment March 11, 2011, registered April 19, 2011, i.e. retrospectively registered. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00412-3. BioMed Central 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8204543/ /pubmed/34127003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00412-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Unosson, Jon Kabéle, Mikael Boman, Christoffer Nyström, Robin Sadiktsis, Ioannis Westerholm, Roger Mudway, Ian S. Purdie, Esme Raftis, Jennifer Miller, Mark R. Mills, Nicholas L. Newby, David E. Blomberg, Anders Sandström, Thomas Bosson, Jenny A. Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
title | Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
title_full | Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
title_fullStr | Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
title_short | Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
title_sort | acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34127003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00412-3 |
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