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One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally emphasizes the ever-present threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In this review, the pathogen pyramid framework was utilized to identify the “unknown unknowns” associated with the emergence and rapid transmission of novel i...

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Autores principales: Chatterjee, Pranab, Nair, Parvati, Chersich, Matthew, Terefe, Yitagele, Chauhan, Abhimanyu Singh, Quesada, Fabiola, Simpson, Greg
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33906988
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_601_21
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author Chatterjee, Pranab
Nair, Parvati
Chersich, Matthew
Terefe, Yitagele
Chauhan, Abhimanyu Singh
Quesada, Fabiola
Simpson, Greg
author_facet Chatterjee, Pranab
Nair, Parvati
Chersich, Matthew
Terefe, Yitagele
Chauhan, Abhimanyu Singh
Quesada, Fabiola
Simpson, Greg
author_sort Chatterjee, Pranab
collection PubMed
description The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally emphasizes the ever-present threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In this review, the pathogen pyramid framework was utilized to identify the “unknown unknowns” associated with the emergence and rapid transmission of novel infectious disease agents. Given that the evolutionary origin of most of the emerging infectious disease agents can be traced to an animal source, we argue the need to integrate the “One Health” approach as a part of surveillance activities. The need for focusing on undertaking global and regional mapping activities to identify novel pathogens is discussed, given that there are an estimated 1.67 million unknown viruses, of which around 631,000 to 827,000 unknown viruses have the capacity to infect human beings. The emerging risks due to the ever-expanding interface between human, animals, both domestic and wildlife, and the environment are highlighted, these are largely driven by the need for safe habitation, growing food, developing infrastructure to support the increasing human population and desire for economic growth. The One Health approach provides a holistic way to address these cross-sectoral issues, by bridging institutional gaps, enumerating priority risk areas and pathogens, and highlighting putative risk factors for subsequent spillover events involving emerging and re-emerging infectious disease pathogens at the human-animal-environment interface.
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spelling pubmed-82048312021-06-30 One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns Chatterjee, Pranab Nair, Parvati Chersich, Matthew Terefe, Yitagele Chauhan, Abhimanyu Singh Quesada, Fabiola Simpson, Greg Indian J Med Res Review Article The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally emphasizes the ever-present threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. In this review, the pathogen pyramid framework was utilized to identify the “unknown unknowns” associated with the emergence and rapid transmission of novel infectious disease agents. Given that the evolutionary origin of most of the emerging infectious disease agents can be traced to an animal source, we argue the need to integrate the “One Health” approach as a part of surveillance activities. The need for focusing on undertaking global and regional mapping activities to identify novel pathogens is discussed, given that there are an estimated 1.67 million unknown viruses, of which around 631,000 to 827,000 unknown viruses have the capacity to infect human beings. The emerging risks due to the ever-expanding interface between human, animals, both domestic and wildlife, and the environment are highlighted, these are largely driven by the need for safe habitation, growing food, developing infrastructure to support the increasing human population and desire for economic growth. The One Health approach provides a holistic way to address these cross-sectoral issues, by bridging institutional gaps, enumerating priority risk areas and pathogens, and highlighting putative risk factors for subsequent spillover events involving emerging and re-emerging infectious disease pathogens at the human-animal-environment interface. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8204831/ /pubmed/33906988 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_601_21 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Indian Journal of Medical Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review Article
Chatterjee, Pranab
Nair, Parvati
Chersich, Matthew
Terefe, Yitagele
Chauhan, Abhimanyu Singh
Quesada, Fabiola
Simpson, Greg
One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns
title One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns
title_full One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns
title_fullStr One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns
title_full_unstemmed One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns
title_short One Health, “Disease X” & the challenge of “Unknown” Unknowns
title_sort one health, “disease x” & the challenge of “unknown” unknowns
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8204831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33906988
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_601_21
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