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Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain

This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants of both genders (68% women), over 18 years of age an...

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Autores principales: Enriquez-Martinez, Oscar G., Martins, Marcia C. T., Pereira, Taisa S. S., Pacheco, Sandaly O. S., Pacheco, Fabio J., Lopez, Karen V., Huancahuire-Vega, Salomon, Silva, Daniela A., Mora-Urda, Ana I., Rodriguez-Vásquez, Mery, Montero López, M. Pilar, Molina, Maria C. B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8206276/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150828
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.671004
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author Enriquez-Martinez, Oscar G.
Martins, Marcia C. T.
Pereira, Taisa S. S.
Pacheco, Sandaly O. S.
Pacheco, Fabio J.
Lopez, Karen V.
Huancahuire-Vega, Salomon
Silva, Daniela A.
Mora-Urda, Ana I.
Rodriguez-Vásquez, Mery
Montero López, M. Pilar
Molina, Maria C. B.
author_facet Enriquez-Martinez, Oscar G.
Martins, Marcia C. T.
Pereira, Taisa S. S.
Pacheco, Sandaly O. S.
Pacheco, Fabio J.
Lopez, Karen V.
Huancahuire-Vega, Salomon
Silva, Daniela A.
Mora-Urda, Ana I.
Rodriguez-Vásquez, Mery
Montero López, M. Pilar
Molina, Maria C. B.
author_sort Enriquez-Martinez, Oscar G.
collection PubMed
description This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants of both genders (68% women), over 18 years of age and from five countries: Brazil (N = 2,171), Argentina (N = 1,111), Peru (N = 1,174), Mexico (N = 686), and Spain (N = 1,183). Data were collected during the year 2020, between April 01 and June 30 in Spain and between July 13 and September 26, in the other countries studied using a self-administered online survey designed for the assessment of sociodemographic, employment, physical activity, health status, and dietary habits changes. Most participants (61.6%), mainly those from Spain, remained constant, without improving or worsening their pattern of food consumption. Among those who changed, a pattern of better eating choices prevailed (22.7%) in comparison with those who changed toward less healthy choices (15.7%). Argentina and Brazil showed the highest proportion of changes toward a healthier pattern of food consumption. Peruvians and Mexicans were less likely to make healthy changes in food consumption (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.4–0.6 and OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8, respectively), when compared to Argentinians. Most respondents did not change their pattern of meal consumption, but those who did reduced their consumption of main meals and increased intake of small meals and snacks. Although most participants affirmed to be doing physical activity at home, about one-half reported perception of weight gain. Individuals with alterations in sleep pattern (either by increasing or decreasing sleep time) were more likely to change their diets to a healthier pattern. In contrast, individuals with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who reported feeling anxious were more likely to perform changes to a less healthy eating pattern (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3 and OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4, respectively). In conclusion, although most participants remained constant in their eating habits, lifestyle changes and anxiety feelings were reported. Among those who changed patterns of food consumption, healthier choices prevailed, with differences between countries. However, there were alterations in the distribution of meals, with higher consumption of snacks and small meals. These results can be used to guide policies to prevent deleterious consequences that may affect the incidence of chronic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-82062762021-06-17 Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain Enriquez-Martinez, Oscar G. Martins, Marcia C. T. Pereira, Taisa S. S. Pacheco, Sandaly O. S. Pacheco, Fabio J. Lopez, Karen V. Huancahuire-Vega, Salomon Silva, Daniela A. Mora-Urda, Ana I. Rodriguez-Vásquez, Mery Montero López, M. Pilar Molina, Maria C. B. Front Nutr Nutrition This study aimed to evaluate changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the period of confinement due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-American countries. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 6,325 participants of both genders (68% women), over 18 years of age and from five countries: Brazil (N = 2,171), Argentina (N = 1,111), Peru (N = 1,174), Mexico (N = 686), and Spain (N = 1,183). Data were collected during the year 2020, between April 01 and June 30 in Spain and between July 13 and September 26, in the other countries studied using a self-administered online survey designed for the assessment of sociodemographic, employment, physical activity, health status, and dietary habits changes. Most participants (61.6%), mainly those from Spain, remained constant, without improving or worsening their pattern of food consumption. Among those who changed, a pattern of better eating choices prevailed (22.7%) in comparison with those who changed toward less healthy choices (15.7%). Argentina and Brazil showed the highest proportion of changes toward a healthier pattern of food consumption. Peruvians and Mexicans were less likely to make healthy changes in food consumption (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.4–0.6 and OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8, respectively), when compared to Argentinians. Most respondents did not change their pattern of meal consumption, but those who did reduced their consumption of main meals and increased intake of small meals and snacks. Although most participants affirmed to be doing physical activity at home, about one-half reported perception of weight gain. Individuals with alterations in sleep pattern (either by increasing or decreasing sleep time) were more likely to change their diets to a healthier pattern. In contrast, individuals with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and those who reported feeling anxious were more likely to perform changes to a less healthy eating pattern (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3 and OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4, respectively). In conclusion, although most participants remained constant in their eating habits, lifestyle changes and anxiety feelings were reported. Among those who changed patterns of food consumption, healthier choices prevailed, with differences between countries. However, there were alterations in the distribution of meals, with higher consumption of snacks and small meals. These results can be used to guide policies to prevent deleterious consequences that may affect the incidence of chronic diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8206276/ /pubmed/34150828 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.671004 Text en Copyright © 2021 Enriquez-Martinez, Martins, Pereira, Pacheco, Pacheco, Lopez, Huancahuire-Vega, Silva, Mora-Urda, Rodriguez-Vásquez, Montero López and Molina. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Enriquez-Martinez, Oscar G.
Martins, Marcia C. T.
Pereira, Taisa S. S.
Pacheco, Sandaly O. S.
Pacheco, Fabio J.
Lopez, Karen V.
Huancahuire-Vega, Salomon
Silva, Daniela A.
Mora-Urda, Ana I.
Rodriguez-Vásquez, Mery
Montero López, M. Pilar
Molina, Maria C. B.
Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain
title Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain
title_full Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain
title_fullStr Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain
title_full_unstemmed Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain
title_short Diet and Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ibero-American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Spain
title_sort diet and lifestyle changes during the covid-19 pandemic in ibero-american countries: argentina, brazil, mexico, peru, and spain
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8206276/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150828
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.671004
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