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The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), known recreationally as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”, is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor. MDMA specifically acts as a weak 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist, targeting 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C )receptors. Its potential use for therapeutic pur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8207489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150406 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15070 |
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author | Tedesco, Sarah Gajaram, Ganeya Chida, Shahzad Ahmad, Arham Pentak, Meghan Kelada, Marina Lewis, Layth Krishnan, Deepa Tran, Carolyn Soetan, Oladipo T Mukona, Lawrance T Jolayemi, Ayodeji |
author_facet | Tedesco, Sarah Gajaram, Ganeya Chida, Shahzad Ahmad, Arham Pentak, Meghan Kelada, Marina Lewis, Layth Krishnan, Deepa Tran, Carolyn Soetan, Oladipo T Mukona, Lawrance T Jolayemi, Ayodeji |
author_sort | Tedesco, Sarah |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), known recreationally as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”, is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor. MDMA specifically acts as a weak 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist, targeting 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C )receptors. Its potential use for therapeutic purposes with these pharmacological profiles remains a controversial subject. Studies have shown the potential benefits in clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A larger amount of data has been provided for the push in support of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in these patients. Objective: The aim of this article is to compute a meta-analysis and conduct a systematic review of the effects of MDMA on PTSD, discussing the potential benefits and adverse events relative to dosing and stability of treatment. Methods: Articles were collected and analyzed for systematic review: 16 articles were included in the systematic review that met the criteria for the use of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD as well as assessing the safety and efficacy of the drug in human participants. Ten studies were used for the meta-analysis, with a cumulative sample size of 168 patients. The significance of the findings on dosing and efficacy of MDMA in healthy human participants was quantified based on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and PTSD symptom scores. Results: The disorders for which MDMA demonstrated a net positive or net negative effect on symptoms are presented separately. Adverse events in patients across all disease classes are presented. The therapeutic index for patients who demonstrated a benefit is also presented. An odds ratio for beneficial and adverse events is used to determine treatment-resistant patients who may benefit from clinical trials of MDMA. Discussion: Findings show promising evidence for the potential therapeutic use of MDMA alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of PTSD. The pharmacological profile of MDMA may provide direction for future drug developments to treat patients with treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8207489 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82074892021-06-17 The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Tedesco, Sarah Gajaram, Ganeya Chida, Shahzad Ahmad, Arham Pentak, Meghan Kelada, Marina Lewis, Layth Krishnan, Deepa Tran, Carolyn Soetan, Oladipo T Mukona, Lawrance T Jolayemi, Ayodeji Cureus Neurology Background: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), known recreationally as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”, is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor. MDMA specifically acts as a weak 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist, targeting 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C )receptors. Its potential use for therapeutic purposes with these pharmacological profiles remains a controversial subject. Studies have shown the potential benefits in clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A larger amount of data has been provided for the push in support of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in these patients. Objective: The aim of this article is to compute a meta-analysis and conduct a systematic review of the effects of MDMA on PTSD, discussing the potential benefits and adverse events relative to dosing and stability of treatment. Methods: Articles were collected and analyzed for systematic review: 16 articles were included in the systematic review that met the criteria for the use of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD as well as assessing the safety and efficacy of the drug in human participants. Ten studies were used for the meta-analysis, with a cumulative sample size of 168 patients. The significance of the findings on dosing and efficacy of MDMA in healthy human participants was quantified based on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and PTSD symptom scores. Results: The disorders for which MDMA demonstrated a net positive or net negative effect on symptoms are presented separately. Adverse events in patients across all disease classes are presented. The therapeutic index for patients who demonstrated a benefit is also presented. An odds ratio for beneficial and adverse events is used to determine treatment-resistant patients who may benefit from clinical trials of MDMA. Discussion: Findings show promising evidence for the potential therapeutic use of MDMA alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of PTSD. The pharmacological profile of MDMA may provide direction for future drug developments to treat patients with treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. Cureus 2021-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8207489/ /pubmed/34150406 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15070 Text en Copyright © 2021, Tedesco et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Tedesco, Sarah Gajaram, Ganeya Chida, Shahzad Ahmad, Arham Pentak, Meghan Kelada, Marina Lewis, Layth Krishnan, Deepa Tran, Carolyn Soetan, Oladipo T Mukona, Lawrance T Jolayemi, Ayodeji The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title | The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full | The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short | The Efficacy of MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | efficacy of mdma (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) for post-traumatic stress disorder in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8207489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150406 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15070 |
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