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Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study
Background: Prepartum depression is common among pregnant women and has not been studied much in low and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that mental illnesses are prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The study objective was to determine the magnitude of prepartum depression, risk factors,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
F1000 Research Limited
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8207804/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211703 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27434.3 |
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author | Madeghe, Beatrice A. Kogi-Makau, Wambui Ngala, Sophia Kumar, Manasi |
author_facet | Madeghe, Beatrice A. Kogi-Makau, Wambui Ngala, Sophia Kumar, Manasi |
author_sort | Madeghe, Beatrice A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Prepartum depression is common among pregnant women and has not been studied much in low and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that mental illnesses are prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The study objective was to determine the magnitude of prepartum depression, risk factors, and real-life experiences of depression among pregnant women. Method: A mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted. It included 262 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two public health facilities in urban low-income settlement Nairobi, Kenya. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with cut-off >13 was used to classify clinical depressive illness. Further, a focus group discussion was conducted with 20 women identified with depression. Univariable analysis with Odd's Ratio was used to test associations. Variables with a p<0.05 in multivariable regression were considered significant. Result: Out of the 262 women, 33.6% were found to have clinical depression as indicated by EPDS score of >13. Women's gestational age was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 4.27 (95% C.I. 2.08 - 8.79), p < 0.001]. Income level ≤ 5000 KES was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 3.64 (95% C.I.1.25 -10.60), p=0.018]. Further, thematic analysis of qualitative indicated that poverty, lack of social support, domestic violence, and unfriendly health care were major contributors to prepartum depression. Conclusion: Significant numbers of pregnant women were found to experience depression. This prevalence rate indicates a high disease burden of women who live with depression, which is not diagnosed because screening of depression is not done in primary health care centers. This study calls for a need and consideration for screening for perinatal depression in primary health care facilities, mainly in resource-poor areas. Interventions targeting means of resolving conflicts in families are highly needed. Such steps would help achieve key sustainable development goals where maternal and child health remains key priority. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8207804 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | F1000 Research Limited |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82078042021-06-30 Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study Madeghe, Beatrice A. Kogi-Makau, Wambui Ngala, Sophia Kumar, Manasi F1000Res Research Article Background: Prepartum depression is common among pregnant women and has not been studied much in low and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that mental illnesses are prevalent in urban than in rural areas. The study objective was to determine the magnitude of prepartum depression, risk factors, and real-life experiences of depression among pregnant women. Method: A mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted. It included 262 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two public health facilities in urban low-income settlement Nairobi, Kenya. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with cut-off >13 was used to classify clinical depressive illness. Further, a focus group discussion was conducted with 20 women identified with depression. Univariable analysis with Odd's Ratio was used to test associations. Variables with a p<0.05 in multivariable regression were considered significant. Result: Out of the 262 women, 33.6% were found to have clinical depression as indicated by EPDS score of >13. Women's gestational age was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 4.27 (95% C.I. 2.08 - 8.79), p < 0.001]. Income level ≤ 5000 KES was statistically significantly associated with prepartum depression [OR 3.64 (95% C.I.1.25 -10.60), p=0.018]. Further, thematic analysis of qualitative indicated that poverty, lack of social support, domestic violence, and unfriendly health care were major contributors to prepartum depression. Conclusion: Significant numbers of pregnant women were found to experience depression. This prevalence rate indicates a high disease burden of women who live with depression, which is not diagnosed because screening of depression is not done in primary health care centers. This study calls for a need and consideration for screening for perinatal depression in primary health care facilities, mainly in resource-poor areas. Interventions targeting means of resolving conflicts in families are highly needed. Such steps would help achieve key sustainable development goals where maternal and child health remains key priority. F1000 Research Limited 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8207804/ /pubmed/34211703 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27434.3 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Madeghe BA et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Madeghe, Beatrice A. Kogi-Makau, Wambui Ngala, Sophia Kumar, Manasi Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study |
title | Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study |
title_full | Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study |
title_fullStr | Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study |
title_short | Risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement Nairobi Kenya: a mixed-method study |
title_sort | risk factors and experiences of prepartum depression in urban- low-income settlement nairobi kenya: a mixed-method study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8207804/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34211703 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27434.3 |
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