Magnesium Sulfate and Clonidine; Effects on Hemodynamic Factors and Depth of General Anesthesia in Cesarean Section

BACKGROUND: Making stable hemodynamic and also durable unawareness is a daily challenge in the setting of general anesthesia in women who undergo surgical delivery of neonate and have limitations to receive opioids derivatives. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulfate and clonidine on hemodynamic changes and depth of anesthesia and in mentioned mothers and also in neonatal APGAR index. METHODS: Current randomized, double-blind controlled trial study was conducted among a total of 360 pregnant females (38 - 41 weeks of gestation) who underwent elective cesarean section. Participants were randomly divided into three drug-receiving groups (equal 120 members): magnesium sulfate (30 mg/kg), clonidine (3 µg/kg), and placebo (0.9% NaCl). Patients’ blood pressure, heart rate, cerebral state index (CSI) in specific time zones, and also late 24-hour recall were recorded. The CSI is an electroencephalographic monitoring method helping to assess the depth of anesthesia. Neonatal parameters, including APGAR score and umbilical venous blood sampling, were measured. RESULTS: Mean patients’ age was 28 ± 4.5. A significant decreasing and stabilizing effect of magnesium sulfate and clonidine on hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) was revealed (P < 0.001). Evidence implied on deeper anesthesia (lower CSI) among drug receivers comparing to placebo (P < 0.001). None of the participants experienced a late 24-hour recall postoperatively. All neonates were healthy, and no decrease was reported in APGAR score at minutes 1 and 5. Umbilical blood gas analysis showed no signs of acidosis and/or hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant administration of either magnesium sulfate or clonidine is associated with hemodynamic stability and favorable unawareness in the setting of elective surgical delivery.