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Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to more than 159 million confirmed cases with over 3.3 million deaths worldwide, but it remains mystery why most infected individuals (∼98%) were asymptomatic or only experienced mild illness. The same mystery applies to the deadly 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic,...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Xi, Tan, Ming, Xia, Ming, Huang, Pengwei, Kennedy, Michael A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34049471
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1935329
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author Jiang, Xi
Tan, Ming
Xia, Ming
Huang, Pengwei
Kennedy, Michael A.
author_facet Jiang, Xi
Tan, Ming
Xia, Ming
Huang, Pengwei
Kennedy, Michael A.
author_sort Jiang, Xi
collection PubMed
description The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to more than 159 million confirmed cases with over 3.3 million deaths worldwide, but it remains mystery why most infected individuals (∼98%) were asymptomatic or only experienced mild illness. The same mystery applies to the deadly 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic, which has puzzled the field for a century. Here we discuss dual potential properties of the 1918 H1N1 pandemic viruses that led to the high fatality rate in the small portion of severe cases, while about 98% infected persons in the United States were self-limited with mild symptoms, or even asymptomatic. These variations now have been postulated to be impacted by polymorphisms of the sialic acid receptors in the general population. Since coronaviruses (CoVs) also recognize sialic acid receptors and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemics and pandemics, similar principles of influenza virus evolution and pandemicity may also apply to CoVs. A potential common principle of pathogen/host co-evolution of influenza and CoVs under selection of host sialic acids in parallel with different epidemic and pandemic influenza and coronaviruses is discussed.
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spelling pubmed-82081232021-06-28 Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics? Jiang, Xi Tan, Ming Xia, Ming Huang, Pengwei Kennedy, Michael A. Emerg Microbes Infect Review Article The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to more than 159 million confirmed cases with over 3.3 million deaths worldwide, but it remains mystery why most infected individuals (∼98%) were asymptomatic or only experienced mild illness. The same mystery applies to the deadly 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic, which has puzzled the field for a century. Here we discuss dual potential properties of the 1918 H1N1 pandemic viruses that led to the high fatality rate in the small portion of severe cases, while about 98% infected persons in the United States were self-limited with mild symptoms, or even asymptomatic. These variations now have been postulated to be impacted by polymorphisms of the sialic acid receptors in the general population. Since coronaviruses (CoVs) also recognize sialic acid receptors and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemics and pandemics, similar principles of influenza virus evolution and pandemicity may also apply to CoVs. A potential common principle of pathogen/host co-evolution of influenza and CoVs under selection of host sialic acids in parallel with different epidemic and pandemic influenza and coronaviruses is discussed. Taylor & Francis 2021-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8208123/ /pubmed/34049471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1935329 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Jiang, Xi
Tan, Ming
Xia, Ming
Huang, Pengwei
Kennedy, Michael A.
Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
title Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
title_full Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
title_fullStr Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
title_full_unstemmed Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
title_short Intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
title_sort intra-species sialic acid polymorphism in humans: a common niche for influenza and coronavirus pandemics?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34049471
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1935329
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