Cargando…
One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces
The use of face masks by the general population during viral outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, although at times controversial, has been effective in slowing down the spread of the virus. The extent to which face masks mitigate the transmission is highly dependent on how well the mask fits ea...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34133436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252143 |
_version_ | 1783708952590024704 |
---|---|
author | Solano, Tomas Mittal, Rajat Shoele, Kourosh |
author_facet | Solano, Tomas Mittal, Rajat Shoele, Kourosh |
author_sort | Solano, Tomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | The use of face masks by the general population during viral outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, although at times controversial, has been effective in slowing down the spread of the virus. The extent to which face masks mitigate the transmission is highly dependent on how well the mask fits each individual. The fit of simple cloth masks on the face, as well as the resulting perimeter leakage and face mask efficacy, are expected to be highly dependent on the type of mask and facial topology. However, this effect has, to date, not been adequately examined and quantified. Here, we propose a framework to study the efficacy of different mask designs based on a quasi-static mechanical model of the deployment of face masks onto a wide range of faces. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed framework, we explore a simple rectangular cloth mask on a large virtual population of subjects generated from a 3D morphable face model. The effect of weight, age, gender, and height on the mask fit is studied. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended homemade cloth mask design was used as a basis for comparison and was found not to be the most effective design for all subjects. We highlight the importance of designing masks accounting for the widely varying population of faces. Metrics based on aerodynamic principles were used to determine that thin, feminine, and young faces were shown to benefit from mask sizes smaller than that recommended by the CDC. Besides mask size, side-edge tuck-in, or pleating, of the masks as a design parameter was also studied and found to have the potential to cause a larger localized gap opening. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8208573 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82085732021-06-29 One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces Solano, Tomas Mittal, Rajat Shoele, Kourosh PLoS One Research Article The use of face masks by the general population during viral outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, although at times controversial, has been effective in slowing down the spread of the virus. The extent to which face masks mitigate the transmission is highly dependent on how well the mask fits each individual. The fit of simple cloth masks on the face, as well as the resulting perimeter leakage and face mask efficacy, are expected to be highly dependent on the type of mask and facial topology. However, this effect has, to date, not been adequately examined and quantified. Here, we propose a framework to study the efficacy of different mask designs based on a quasi-static mechanical model of the deployment of face masks onto a wide range of faces. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed framework, we explore a simple rectangular cloth mask on a large virtual population of subjects generated from a 3D morphable face model. The effect of weight, age, gender, and height on the mask fit is studied. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended homemade cloth mask design was used as a basis for comparison and was found not to be the most effective design for all subjects. We highlight the importance of designing masks accounting for the widely varying population of faces. Metrics based on aerodynamic principles were used to determine that thin, feminine, and young faces were shown to benefit from mask sizes smaller than that recommended by the CDC. Besides mask size, side-edge tuck-in, or pleating, of the masks as a design parameter was also studied and found to have the potential to cause a larger localized gap opening. Public Library of Science 2021-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8208573/ /pubmed/34133436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252143 Text en © 2021 Solano et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Solano, Tomas Mittal, Rajat Shoele, Kourosh One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
title | One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
title_full | One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
title_fullStr | One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
title_full_unstemmed | One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
title_short | One size fits all?: A simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
title_sort | one size fits all?: a simulation framework for face-mask fit on population-based faces |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208573/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34133436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252143 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT solanotomas onesizefitsallasimulationframeworkforfacemaskfitonpopulationbasedfaces AT mittalrajat onesizefitsallasimulationframeworkforfacemaskfitonpopulationbasedfaces AT shoelekourosh onesizefitsallasimulationframeworkforfacemaskfitonpopulationbasedfaces |