In situ interfacial architecture of lithium vanadate-based cathode for printable lithium batteries

Most Li(3)VO(4) anodes are obtained by pre-architecture methods in which Li(3)VO(4) anode materials are prepared with more than six key processes including high-temperature annealing and long preparation time. Herein, we propose an in situ post-architecture strategy including Li(3)VO(4)-precursor solution (ink) preparation and then annealing at 250°C. The integrated Li(3)VO(4) based electrode not only possesses good electrical conductivity and porous microstructure but also has superior stability because of Cu anchoring and inclusion by in situ catalysis. The integrated electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity (865 mA h g(−1) at 0.2 A g(−1)) and good cyclability (100% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 A g(−1)). More importantly, the post-architecture electrode has a high energy density of 773.8 Wh kg(−1), much higher than reported Li(3)VO(4)-based materials, as well as most cathodes. Therefore, the electrode could be used to the printable cathode of low-voltage high-energy-density lithium batteries.