Cargando…

Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications

For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived micr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mussbacher, Marion, Pirabe, Anita, Brunnthaler, Laura, Schrottmaier, Waltraud C., Assinger, Alice
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34149456
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678362
_version_ 1783709106013470720
author Mussbacher, Marion
Pirabe, Anita
Brunnthaler, Laura
Schrottmaier, Waltraud C.
Assinger, Alice
author_facet Mussbacher, Marion
Pirabe, Anita
Brunnthaler, Laura
Schrottmaier, Waltraud C.
Assinger, Alice
author_sort Mussbacher, Marion
collection PubMed
description For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8209332
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82093322021-06-18 Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications Mussbacher, Marion Pirabe, Anita Brunnthaler, Laura Schrottmaier, Waltraud C. Assinger, Alice Front Physiol Physiology For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8209332/ /pubmed/34149456 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678362 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mussbacher, Pirabe, Brunnthaler, Schrottmaier and Assinger. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Mussbacher, Marion
Pirabe, Anita
Brunnthaler, Laura
Schrottmaier, Waltraud C.
Assinger, Alice
Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
title Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
title_full Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
title_fullStr Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
title_full_unstemmed Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
title_short Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
title_sort horizontal microrna transfer by platelets – evidence and implications
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34149456
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678362
work_keys_str_mv AT mussbachermarion horizontalmicrornatransferbyplateletsevidenceandimplications
AT pirabeanita horizontalmicrornatransferbyplateletsevidenceandimplications
AT brunnthalerlaura horizontalmicrornatransferbyplateletsevidenceandimplications
AT schrottmaierwaltraudc horizontalmicrornatransferbyplateletsevidenceandimplications
AT assingeralice horizontalmicrornatransferbyplateletsevidenceandimplications