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Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications
For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived micr...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34149456 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678362 |
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author | Mussbacher, Marion Pirabe, Anita Brunnthaler, Laura Schrottmaier, Waltraud C. Assinger, Alice |
author_facet | Mussbacher, Marion Pirabe, Anita Brunnthaler, Laura Schrottmaier, Waltraud C. Assinger, Alice |
author_sort | Mussbacher, Marion |
collection | PubMed |
description | For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8209332 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82093322021-06-18 Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications Mussbacher, Marion Pirabe, Anita Brunnthaler, Laura Schrottmaier, Waltraud C. Assinger, Alice Front Physiol Physiology For decades, platelets have been known for their central role in hemostasis and their ability to release bioactive molecules, allowing inter-platelet communication and crosstalk with the immune system and vascular cells. However, with the detection of microRNAs in platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles (MVs), a new level of inter-cellular regulation was revealed. By shedding MVs from their plasma membrane, platelets are able to release functional microRNA complexes that are protected from plasma RNases. Upon contact with macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells platelet microRNAs are rapidly internalized and fine-tune the functionality of the recipient cell by post-transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, microRNA transfer by platelet MVs allows infiltration into tissues with limited cellular access such as solid tumors, thereby they not only modulate tumor progression but also provide a potential route for drug delivery. Understanding the precise mechanisms of horizontal transfer of platelet microRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions allows to design side-specific therapeutic (micro)RNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge and the scientific evidence of horizontal microRNA transfer by platelets and platelet-derived MVs into vascular and non-vascular cells and its physiological consequences. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8209332/ /pubmed/34149456 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678362 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mussbacher, Pirabe, Brunnthaler, Schrottmaier and Assinger. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Mussbacher, Marion Pirabe, Anita Brunnthaler, Laura Schrottmaier, Waltraud C. Assinger, Alice Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications |
title | Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications |
title_full | Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications |
title_fullStr | Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications |
title_full_unstemmed | Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications |
title_short | Horizontal MicroRNA Transfer by Platelets – Evidence and Implications |
title_sort | horizontal microrna transfer by platelets – evidence and implications |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209332/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34149456 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.678362 |
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