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Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as a neglected, important, and re-emerging risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), especially in low and middle-income countries where TB is endemic. In this clinical trial study, oral liposomal glutathione supplementation (L-GSH)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8211104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150674 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.657775 |
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author | To, Kimberly Cao, Ruoqiong Yegiazaryan, Aram Owens, James Nguyen, Timothy Sasaninia, Kayvan Vaughn, Charles Singh, Mohkam Truong, Edward Medina, Albert Avitia, Edith Villegas, Jose Pham, Christal Sathananthan, Airani Venketaraman, Vishwanath |
author_facet | To, Kimberly Cao, Ruoqiong Yegiazaryan, Aram Owens, James Nguyen, Timothy Sasaninia, Kayvan Vaughn, Charles Singh, Mohkam Truong, Edward Medina, Albert Avitia, Edith Villegas, Jose Pham, Christal Sathananthan, Airani Venketaraman, Vishwanath |
author_sort | To, Kimberly |
collection | PubMed |
description | The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as a neglected, important, and re-emerging risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), especially in low and middle-income countries where TB is endemic. In this clinical trial study, oral liposomal glutathione supplementation (L-GSH) or placebo was given to individuals with T2DM to investigate the therapeutic effects of L-GSH supplementation. We report that L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in people with T2DM was able to reduce the levels of oxidative stress in all blood components and prevent depletion of glutathione (GSH) in this population known to be GSH deficient. Additionally, L-GSH supplementation significantly reduced the burden of intracellular mycobacteria within in vitro granulomas generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T2DM subjects. L-GSH supplementation also increased the levels of Th1-associated cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and IL-10. In conclusion our studies indicate that oral L-GSH supplementation in individuals with T2DM for three months was able to maintain the levels of GSH, reduce oxidative stress, and diminish mycobacterial burden within in vitro generated granulomas of diabetics. L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in diabetics was also able to modulate the levels of various cytokines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8211104 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82111042021-06-18 Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes To, Kimberly Cao, Ruoqiong Yegiazaryan, Aram Owens, James Nguyen, Timothy Sasaninia, Kayvan Vaughn, Charles Singh, Mohkam Truong, Edward Medina, Albert Avitia, Edith Villegas, Jose Pham, Christal Sathananthan, Airani Venketaraman, Vishwanath Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as a neglected, important, and re-emerging risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), especially in low and middle-income countries where TB is endemic. In this clinical trial study, oral liposomal glutathione supplementation (L-GSH) or placebo was given to individuals with T2DM to investigate the therapeutic effects of L-GSH supplementation. We report that L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in people with T2DM was able to reduce the levels of oxidative stress in all blood components and prevent depletion of glutathione (GSH) in this population known to be GSH deficient. Additionally, L-GSH supplementation significantly reduced the burden of intracellular mycobacteria within in vitro granulomas generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T2DM subjects. L-GSH supplementation also increased the levels of Th1-associated cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and IL-10. In conclusion our studies indicate that oral L-GSH supplementation in individuals with T2DM for three months was able to maintain the levels of GSH, reduce oxidative stress, and diminish mycobacterial burden within in vitro generated granulomas of diabetics. L-GSH supplementation for 3 months in diabetics was also able to modulate the levels of various cytokines. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8211104/ /pubmed/34150674 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.657775 Text en Copyright © 2021 To, Cao, Yegiazaryan, Owens, Nguyen, Sasaninia, Vaughn, Singh, Truong, Medina, Avitia, Villegas, Pham, Sathananthan and Venketaraman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology To, Kimberly Cao, Ruoqiong Yegiazaryan, Aram Owens, James Nguyen, Timothy Sasaninia, Kayvan Vaughn, Charles Singh, Mohkam Truong, Edward Medina, Albert Avitia, Edith Villegas, Jose Pham, Christal Sathananthan, Airani Venketaraman, Vishwanath Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes |
title | Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes |
title_full | Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes |
title_fullStr | Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes |
title_short | Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione in Altering the Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes |
title_sort | effects of oral liposomal glutathione in altering the immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis and the mycobacterium bovis bcg strain in individuals with type 2 diabetes |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8211104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150674 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.657775 |
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