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Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma
BACKGROUND: Elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in aqueous humor (AH) has been suggested to contribute to trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), but TGF-β2 is downregulated in secondary open-angle glaucoma (SOAG). B...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212476/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34140021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3 |
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author | Igarashi, Nozomi Honjo, Megumi Yamagishi, Reiko Kurano, Makoto Yatomi, Yutaka Igarashi, Koji Kaburaki, Toshikatsu Aihara, Makoto |
author_facet | Igarashi, Nozomi Honjo, Megumi Yamagishi, Reiko Kurano, Makoto Yatomi, Yutaka Igarashi, Koji Kaburaki, Toshikatsu Aihara, Makoto |
author_sort | Igarashi, Nozomi |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in aqueous humor (AH) has been suggested to contribute to trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), but TGF-β2 is downregulated in secondary open-angle glaucoma (SOAG). Because autotaxin (ATX) is upregulated in SOAG, we investigated the relationships and trans-signaling interactions of these mediators. METHODS: The level of ATX in AH was determined using a two-site immunoenzymetric assay, and TGF-β levels were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro TGF-β Assay. RNA scope was used to assess the expression of ATX and TGF-β2 in human’s eye specimen. And in vitro studies were performed using hTM cells to explore if trans-signaling of TGF-β2 regulates ATX expressions. RESULTS: TGF-β2/ATX ratio was significantly high in AH of control or POAG compared with SOAG, and negatively correlated with IOP. RNA scope revelated positive expressions of both TGF-β2 and ATX in ciliary body (CB) and TM in control, but ATX expressions was significantly enhanced in SOAG. In hTM cells, ATX expressions were regulated by TGF-β2 with concentration-dependent manner. In counter, ATX also induced TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGFBI upregulations and activation of the Smad-sensitive promoter, as well as upregulation of fibrotic markers, and these upregulation was significantly suppressed by both TGF-β and ATX inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Trans-signaling of TGF-β2 regulates ATX expressions and thereby induced upregulations of TGF-βs or fibrosis of hTM. TGF-β2 trans-signaling potently regulate ATX transcription and signaling in hTM cells, which may reflect different profile of these mediators in glaucoma subtypes. Trial Registration This prospective observational study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo and was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry of Japan (ID: UMIN000027137). All study procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8212476 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82124762021-06-22 Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma Igarashi, Nozomi Honjo, Megumi Yamagishi, Reiko Kurano, Makoto Yatomi, Yutaka Igarashi, Koji Kaburaki, Toshikatsu Aihara, Makoto J Biomed Sci Research BACKGROUND: Elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in aqueous humor (AH) has been suggested to contribute to trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), but TGF-β2 is downregulated in secondary open-angle glaucoma (SOAG). Because autotaxin (ATX) is upregulated in SOAG, we investigated the relationships and trans-signaling interactions of these mediators. METHODS: The level of ATX in AH was determined using a two-site immunoenzymetric assay, and TGF-β levels were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro TGF-β Assay. RNA scope was used to assess the expression of ATX and TGF-β2 in human’s eye specimen. And in vitro studies were performed using hTM cells to explore if trans-signaling of TGF-β2 regulates ATX expressions. RESULTS: TGF-β2/ATX ratio was significantly high in AH of control or POAG compared with SOAG, and negatively correlated with IOP. RNA scope revelated positive expressions of both TGF-β2 and ATX in ciliary body (CB) and TM in control, but ATX expressions was significantly enhanced in SOAG. In hTM cells, ATX expressions were regulated by TGF-β2 with concentration-dependent manner. In counter, ATX also induced TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGFBI upregulations and activation of the Smad-sensitive promoter, as well as upregulation of fibrotic markers, and these upregulation was significantly suppressed by both TGF-β and ATX inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Trans-signaling of TGF-β2 regulates ATX expressions and thereby induced upregulations of TGF-βs or fibrosis of hTM. TGF-β2 trans-signaling potently regulate ATX transcription and signaling in hTM cells, which may reflect different profile of these mediators in glaucoma subtypes. Trial Registration This prospective observational study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo and was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry of Japan (ID: UMIN000027137). All study procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3. BioMed Central 2021-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8212476/ /pubmed/34140021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Igarashi, Nozomi Honjo, Megumi Yamagishi, Reiko Kurano, Makoto Yatomi, Yutaka Igarashi, Koji Kaburaki, Toshikatsu Aihara, Makoto Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
title | Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
title_full | Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
title_fullStr | Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
title_short | Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
title_sort | crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212476/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34140021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3 |
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