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Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to disproportionately impact racial/ethnic minorities in the USA, both in terms of infections and deaths. This racial disparity in the COVID-19 outcomes may result from the segregation of minorities in neighborhoods with health-compromising c...

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Autores principales: Li, Min, Yuan, Faxi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212581/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09338-z
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author Li, Min
Yuan, Faxi
author_facet Li, Min
Yuan, Faxi
author_sort Li, Min
collection PubMed
description The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to disproportionately impact racial/ethnic minorities in the USA, both in terms of infections and deaths. This racial disparity in the COVID-19 outcomes may result from the segregation of minorities in neighborhoods with health-compromising conditions. We, thus, anticipate that neighborhoods would be especially vulnerable to COVID-19 if they are of present-day economic and racial disadvantage and were redlined historically. To test this expectation, we examined the change of both confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths from April to July, 2020, in zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in the New York City using multilevel regression analysis. The results indicate that ZCTAs with a higher proportion of black and Hispanic populations are associated with a higher percentage of COVID-19 infection. Historically low-graded neighborhoods show a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, even for ZCTAs with present-day economic and racial privilege. These associations change over time as the pandemic unfolds. Racial/ethnic minorities are bearing the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic’s health impact. The current evidence shows that the pre-existing social structure in the form of racial residential segregation could be partially responsible for the disparities observed, highlighting an urgent need to stress historical segregation and to build a less segregated and more equal society.
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spelling pubmed-82125812021-06-21 Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City Li, Min Yuan, Faxi Race Soc Probl Article The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to disproportionately impact racial/ethnic minorities in the USA, both in terms of infections and deaths. This racial disparity in the COVID-19 outcomes may result from the segregation of minorities in neighborhoods with health-compromising conditions. We, thus, anticipate that neighborhoods would be especially vulnerable to COVID-19 if they are of present-day economic and racial disadvantage and were redlined historically. To test this expectation, we examined the change of both confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths from April to July, 2020, in zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in the New York City using multilevel regression analysis. The results indicate that ZCTAs with a higher proportion of black and Hispanic populations are associated with a higher percentage of COVID-19 infection. Historically low-graded neighborhoods show a higher risk for COVID-19 infection, even for ZCTAs with present-day economic and racial privilege. These associations change over time as the pandemic unfolds. Racial/ethnic minorities are bearing the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic’s health impact. The current evidence shows that the pre-existing social structure in the form of racial residential segregation could be partially responsible for the disparities observed, highlighting an urgent need to stress historical segregation and to build a less segregated and more equal society. Springer US 2021-06-18 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8212581/ /pubmed/34178163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09338-z Text en © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Article
Li, Min
Yuan, Faxi
Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
title Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
title_full Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
title_fullStr Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
title_full_unstemmed Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
title_short Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City
title_sort historical redlining and resident exposure to covid-19: a study of new york city
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212581/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09338-z
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