A Clinical Research on the Impact of Dexamethasone Versus Dexamethasone-Metoclopramide Combination in Reducing Postoperative Vomiting and Nausea After Cranial Surgery

Introduction This brief study shows the consumption of two medications that are related to those patients who have gone through the complicated procedure of craniotomy. The basic aim of these drugs is to subside the after-effects of the procedure like postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients. Hereby, the study outlines the functional efficiency of dexamethasone along with the metoclopramide and dexamethasone alone. Materials and methods Randomly two groups were listed of 120 patients that have undergone elective craniotomy with ASA I-II. These groups were called out as group A and group B. Group A was under the medication of combination of dexamethasone and metoclopramide 8 mg and 10 mg, respectively, induced separately while group B was induced with 8 mg of dexamethasone along with 2 ml of normal saline. These drugs were induced right before anesthesia. The procedure from here on gets the same for both groups. After the surgical approach, a verbal evaluation was taken from the members of each group to collect specific data accordingly within the first 24 hours. As the method is double-blinded thus the patients were unaware of the ongoing research study. In any case of a mishap, rescue antiemetic drugs were also considered for the patients who would have experienced uncontrolled nausea and vomiting in the timeframe. Results The results show that only 16.7% of the patients from group A showed signs of nausea and only 5% showed vomiting while 31.7% of the patients from group B showed signs of nausea and 11.7% showed vomiting. It clearly showed that the patients tend to have either no sign of nausea and vomiting or showed little controllable nausea and vomiting when induced with dexamethasone and metoclopramide compared to those who were induced with the dexamethasone alone. Conclusions Postoperative nausea and vomiting are studied in terms of those who had undergone craniotomy. This study shows the prophylaxis of adverse effects of postoperative nausea and vomiting between the two groups under the influence of altered drugs. Thus, the results were noticeably in the favor of the combination treatment of dexamethasone and metoclopramide.