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In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model

BACKGROUND: The emergence of widespread resistance of Plasmodium species to most antimalarial drugs has led to a more vigorous and concerted research on traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: The study was aimed to investigate the in vitro antiplasmodial activ...

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Autores principales: Aliyu, Karimatu, Mohammed, Yusuf, Abdullahi, Idris Nasir, Umar, Amina Abdullahi, Bashir, Fatima, Sani, Mujahid Nura, Kabuga, Auwal Idris, Adamu, Al-Mukhtar Yahuza, Akande, Azeez Oyebanji
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8213120/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34195058
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_78_20
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author Aliyu, Karimatu
Mohammed, Yusuf
Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
Umar, Amina Abdullahi
Bashir, Fatima
Sani, Mujahid Nura
Kabuga, Auwal Idris
Adamu, Al-Mukhtar Yahuza
Akande, Azeez Oyebanji
author_facet Aliyu, Karimatu
Mohammed, Yusuf
Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
Umar, Amina Abdullahi
Bashir, Fatima
Sani, Mujahid Nura
Kabuga, Auwal Idris
Adamu, Al-Mukhtar Yahuza
Akande, Azeez Oyebanji
author_sort Aliyu, Karimatu
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The emergence of widespread resistance of Plasmodium species to most antimalarial drugs has led to a more vigorous and concerted research on traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: The study was aimed to investigate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus amarus against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Northwestern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plant was extracted using two solvents, water and ethanol, where a high yield was obtained from the aqueous extracts (11.9%) as compared to the ethanolic extract (9.64%). The extracts were evaluated in vitro at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml, and the level of potency in each case was expressed as the concentration of the extract that exhibited a 50% reduction of the parasites relative to control (100%) parasitemia. Artemether-lumefantrine was used as a positive standard in the assay. RESULTS: All extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite growth relative to control (P ≤ 0.05). Ethanolic extract exhibited a higher antiplasmodial activity of 76.8%, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 5.80 μg/ml, and aqueous extract had an activity of 75.3%, IC(50) of 7.94 μg/ml. Both extracts exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity. Oral acute toxicity test in the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg showed no sign of toxicity on albino mice after 48 h. CONCLUSION: Although there was an increase in appetite after 24 and 48 h, the findings from this study show that P. amarus possesses a promising antimalarial activity which can be exploited for malaria therapy and justifies the traditional use of the plant in malaria treatment.
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spelling pubmed-82131202021-06-29 In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model Aliyu, Karimatu Mohammed, Yusuf Abdullahi, Idris Nasir Umar, Amina Abdullahi Bashir, Fatima Sani, Mujahid Nura Kabuga, Auwal Idris Adamu, Al-Mukhtar Yahuza Akande, Azeez Oyebanji Trop Parasitol Original Article BACKGROUND: The emergence of widespread resistance of Plasmodium species to most antimalarial drugs has led to a more vigorous and concerted research on traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: The study was aimed to investigate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus amarus against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Northwestern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plant was extracted using two solvents, water and ethanol, where a high yield was obtained from the aqueous extracts (11.9%) as compared to the ethanolic extract (9.64%). The extracts were evaluated in vitro at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml, and the level of potency in each case was expressed as the concentration of the extract that exhibited a 50% reduction of the parasites relative to control (100%) parasitemia. Artemether-lumefantrine was used as a positive standard in the assay. RESULTS: All extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite growth relative to control (P ≤ 0.05). Ethanolic extract exhibited a higher antiplasmodial activity of 76.8%, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 5.80 μg/ml, and aqueous extract had an activity of 75.3%, IC(50) of 7.94 μg/ml. Both extracts exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity. Oral acute toxicity test in the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg showed no sign of toxicity on albino mice after 48 h. CONCLUSION: Although there was an increase in appetite after 24 and 48 h, the findings from this study show that P. amarus possesses a promising antimalarial activity which can be exploited for malaria therapy and justifies the traditional use of the plant in malaria treatment. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8213120/ /pubmed/34195058 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_78_20 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Tropical Parasitology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Aliyu, Karimatu
Mohammed, Yusuf
Abdullahi, Idris Nasir
Umar, Amina Abdullahi
Bashir, Fatima
Sani, Mujahid Nura
Kabuga, Auwal Idris
Adamu, Al-Mukhtar Yahuza
Akande, Azeez Oyebanji
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
title In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
title_full In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
title_fullStr In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
title_full_unstemmed In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
title_short In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
title_sort in vitro antiplasmodial activity of phyllanthus amarus against plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8213120/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34195058
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_78_20
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