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Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria
BACKGROUND: Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Nigeria. METHODS: Anop...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8213627/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178768 http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5076 |
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author | YUSUF, Mustapha Ahmed VATANDOOST, Hassan OSHAGHI, Mohammad Ali HANAFI-BOJD, Ahmad Ali MANU, Abdulsalam Yayo ENAYATI, Ahmadali ADO, Abduljalal ABDULLAHI, Alhassan Sharrif JALO, Rabiu Ibrahim FIRDAUSI, Abubakar |
author_facet | YUSUF, Mustapha Ahmed VATANDOOST, Hassan OSHAGHI, Mohammad Ali HANAFI-BOJD, Ahmad Ali MANU, Abdulsalam Yayo ENAYATI, Ahmadali ADO, Abduljalal ABDULLAHI, Alhassan Sharrif JALO, Rabiu Ibrahim FIRDAUSI, Abubakar |
author_sort | YUSUF, Mustapha Ahmed |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Nigeria. METHODS: Anopheles larvae were collected from northeast and northwestern Nigeria between Aug and Nov 2018. Biochemical analyses was carried out on the mosquitoes exposed to various insecticides (deltamethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, malathion) to measure and compare the enzymatic activities of the major detoxification enzymes (P(450), GSTs, Esterase). RESULTS: High levels of resistance was observed; DDT 37%–53% (95%, CI: 29–61), bendiocarb 44%–55% (CI: 39–60) and deltamethrin 74%–82% (CI: 70–86). However, these mosquitoes were found to be susceptible to malathion 99%–100% (CI: 98–100). The P450 and GSTs enzymes were found to be elevated in the resistant mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin (1.0240±0.1902); (1.3088±1.2478), DDT (1.7703±1.4528); (1.7462±0.9418) and bendiocarb (1.1814±0.0918); (1.4479±1.0083) compared to the Kisumu strain (0.764±0.4226); (0.6508±0.6542), (0.3875±0.3482); (0.4072±0.4916) and (0.6672±0.3949); (0.7126±0.7259) at P<0.05. Similarly, the resistant mosquitoes expressed increased activity to esterase (0.7606±1.1477), (0.3269±1.1957) and (2.8203±0.6488) compared to their susceptible counterpart (0.6841±0.7597), (0.7032±0.5380) and (0.6398±0.4159) at P<0.05. The enzyme ratio was found to be: P450 (1.341, 4.568 and 1.77); GSTs (2.011, 4.288 and 2.031); Esterases (1.111, 0.469 and 4.408). One way Anova and single sample t-test were also conducted to determine the effect of the enzymes on the resistant and susceptible strains. CONCLUSION: High level of insecticide resistance was observed with significant elevation of detoxification enzymes activities in the resistant mosquitoes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8213627 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82136272021-06-25 Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria YUSUF, Mustapha Ahmed VATANDOOST, Hassan OSHAGHI, Mohammad Ali HANAFI-BOJD, Ahmad Ali MANU, Abdulsalam Yayo ENAYATI, Ahmadali ADO, Abduljalal ABDULLAHI, Alhassan Sharrif JALO, Rabiu Ibrahim FIRDAUSI, Abubakar Iran J Public Health Original Article BACKGROUND: Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Nigeria. METHODS: Anopheles larvae were collected from northeast and northwestern Nigeria between Aug and Nov 2018. Biochemical analyses was carried out on the mosquitoes exposed to various insecticides (deltamethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, malathion) to measure and compare the enzymatic activities of the major detoxification enzymes (P(450), GSTs, Esterase). RESULTS: High levels of resistance was observed; DDT 37%–53% (95%, CI: 29–61), bendiocarb 44%–55% (CI: 39–60) and deltamethrin 74%–82% (CI: 70–86). However, these mosquitoes were found to be susceptible to malathion 99%–100% (CI: 98–100). The P450 and GSTs enzymes were found to be elevated in the resistant mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin (1.0240±0.1902); (1.3088±1.2478), DDT (1.7703±1.4528); (1.7462±0.9418) and bendiocarb (1.1814±0.0918); (1.4479±1.0083) compared to the Kisumu strain (0.764±0.4226); (0.6508±0.6542), (0.3875±0.3482); (0.4072±0.4916) and (0.6672±0.3949); (0.7126±0.7259) at P<0.05. Similarly, the resistant mosquitoes expressed increased activity to esterase (0.7606±1.1477), (0.3269±1.1957) and (2.8203±0.6488) compared to their susceptible counterpart (0.6841±0.7597), (0.7032±0.5380) and (0.6398±0.4159) at P<0.05. The enzyme ratio was found to be: P450 (1.341, 4.568 and 1.77); GSTs (2.011, 4.288 and 2.031); Esterases (1.111, 0.469 and 4.408). One way Anova and single sample t-test were also conducted to determine the effect of the enzymes on the resistant and susceptible strains. CONCLUSION: High level of insecticide resistance was observed with significant elevation of detoxification enzymes activities in the resistant mosquitoes. Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8213627/ /pubmed/34178768 http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5076 Text en Copyright © 2021 Yusuf et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article YUSUF, Mustapha Ahmed VATANDOOST, Hassan OSHAGHI, Mohammad Ali HANAFI-BOJD, Ahmad Ali MANU, Abdulsalam Yayo ENAYATI, Ahmadali ADO, Abduljalal ABDULLAHI, Alhassan Sharrif JALO, Rabiu Ibrahim FIRDAUSI, Abubakar Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria |
title | Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria |
title_full | Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria |
title_fullStr | Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria |
title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria |
title_short | Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l in Nigeria |
title_sort | biochemical mechanism of insecticide resistance in malaria vector, anopheles gambiae s.l in nigeria |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8213627/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178768 http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5076 |
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