The deceitful diagnosis of gallbladder volvulus: A case report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: The gallbladder volvulus is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by an axial torsion of the gallbladder along the cystic pedicle, causing gallbladder ischemia and necrosis. This paper aims to present and discuss a rare case of gallbladder volvulus. This case report has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria 2020 [1]. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 90-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency room with sharp right upper abdominal quadrant pain of acute onset associated with vomiting, evolving for the last 12 h. She had no fever nor jaundice. Her body mass index (BMI) was 22. She had kyphosis, and scoliosis. Physical examination found tenderness with a palpable mass in the right upper abdominal quadrant. Laboratory test results showed leukocytosis at 11600 /mL and a high C-reactive protein rate at 40 mg/L revealed acute calculous cholecystitis features. However, emergency laparotomy was performed and discovered a gallbladder volvulus. A detorsion and cholecystectomy were performed with a good outcome. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder volvulus is difficult due to its misleading clinical presentation mimicking acute cholecystitis. The presence of the three highly suggestive triad clinical signs should encourage the radiologist to search for a gallbladder with a horizontal orientation and located outside its anatomical fossa connected to the liver by a conical structure corresponding to the twisted pedicle in ultrasonography. Unlike ordinary acute cholecystitis, which may sometimes tolerate an initial conservative medical treatment, gallbladder volvulus management is always an emergency cholecystectomy. CONCLUSION: Despite the clinical similarities with the classical acute calculous cholecystitis, gallbladder volvulus is more likely to result in fatal outcome. Therefore, a high level of clinical suspicion is necessary to save lives.