Cargando…

Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”

BACKGROUND: In the last decades, marathon running has become a popular form of physical activity among people around the world. It should be noticed that the main marathon races are performed in large cities, where air quality varies considerably. It is well established that breathing polluted air r...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zoladz, Jerzy A., Nieckarz, Zenon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8214849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178455
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11562
_version_ 1783710137066717184
author Zoladz, Jerzy A.
Nieckarz, Zenon
author_facet Zoladz, Jerzy A.
Nieckarz, Zenon
author_sort Zoladz, Jerzy A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In the last decades, marathon running has become a popular form of physical activity among people around the world. It should be noticed that the main marathon races are performed in large cities, where air quality varies considerably. It is well established that breathing polluted air results in a number of harmful effects to the human body. However, there have been no studies to show the impact of marathon run performance on the amount of the deposition of varied fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the respiratory tract of runners. This is why the present study sought to determine the impact of marathon run performance in the air of varying quality on the deposition of the PM(1), PM(2.5), PM(10) in the respiratory tract in humans. METHODS: The PM(1), PM(2.5) and PM(10) deposition was determined in an “average runner” (with marathon performance time 4 h: 30 min) and in an “elite marathon runner” (with marathon performance time 2 h: 00 min) at rest, and during a marathon race, based on own measurements of the PM content in the air and the size-resolved DF(d) profile concept. RESULTS: We have shown that breathing air containing 50 µg m(−3) PM(10) (a borderline value according to the 2006 WHO standard - still valid) at minute ventilation (V(E)) equal to 8 L min(−1) when at rest, resulted in PM(10)deposition rate of approximately 9 µg h(−1), but a marathon run of an average marathon runner with the V(E) = 62 L min(−1) increased the deposition rate up to 45 µg h(−1). In the elite runner, marathon run with the V(E)= 115 L min(−1) increased PM(10) deposition rate to 83 µg h(−1). Interestingly, breathing the air containing 50 µg m(−3)of PM(10) at the V(E) = 115 L min(−1)by the elite marathon runner during the race resulted in the same PM(10)deposition rate as the breathing highly polluted air containing as much as 466 µg m(−3) of PM(10) when at rest. Furthermore, the total PM(10) deposition in the respiratory tract during a marathon race in average runners is about 22% greater (203 / 166 = 1.22) than in elite runners. According to our calculations, the concentration of PM(10)in the air during a marathon race that would allow one not to exceed the PM(10) deposition rate of 9 µg h(−1)should be lower than 10 µg m(−3) in the case of an average runner, and it should be lower than 5.5 µg m(−3) in the case of an elite runner. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a marathon run drastically increases the rate of deposition of the airborne PM in the respiratory tract of the runners, as a consequence of the huge V(E) generated during the race. A decrease of the PM content in the air attenuates this rate. Based on our calculations, we postulate that the PM(10) content in the air during a “clean air marathon run”, involving elite marathon runners, should be below 5.5 µg m(−3).
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8214849
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher PeerJ Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82148492021-06-25 Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs” Zoladz, Jerzy A. Nieckarz, Zenon PeerJ Public Health BACKGROUND: In the last decades, marathon running has become a popular form of physical activity among people around the world. It should be noticed that the main marathon races are performed in large cities, where air quality varies considerably. It is well established that breathing polluted air results in a number of harmful effects to the human body. However, there have been no studies to show the impact of marathon run performance on the amount of the deposition of varied fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the respiratory tract of runners. This is why the present study sought to determine the impact of marathon run performance in the air of varying quality on the deposition of the PM(1), PM(2.5), PM(10) in the respiratory tract in humans. METHODS: The PM(1), PM(2.5) and PM(10) deposition was determined in an “average runner” (with marathon performance time 4 h: 30 min) and in an “elite marathon runner” (with marathon performance time 2 h: 00 min) at rest, and during a marathon race, based on own measurements of the PM content in the air and the size-resolved DF(d) profile concept. RESULTS: We have shown that breathing air containing 50 µg m(−3) PM(10) (a borderline value according to the 2006 WHO standard - still valid) at minute ventilation (V(E)) equal to 8 L min(−1) when at rest, resulted in PM(10)deposition rate of approximately 9 µg h(−1), but a marathon run of an average marathon runner with the V(E) = 62 L min(−1) increased the deposition rate up to 45 µg h(−1). In the elite runner, marathon run with the V(E)= 115 L min(−1) increased PM(10) deposition rate to 83 µg h(−1). Interestingly, breathing the air containing 50 µg m(−3)of PM(10) at the V(E) = 115 L min(−1)by the elite marathon runner during the race resulted in the same PM(10)deposition rate as the breathing highly polluted air containing as much as 466 µg m(−3) of PM(10) when at rest. Furthermore, the total PM(10) deposition in the respiratory tract during a marathon race in average runners is about 22% greater (203 / 166 = 1.22) than in elite runners. According to our calculations, the concentration of PM(10)in the air during a marathon race that would allow one not to exceed the PM(10) deposition rate of 9 µg h(−1)should be lower than 10 µg m(−3) in the case of an average runner, and it should be lower than 5.5 µg m(−3) in the case of an elite runner. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a marathon run drastically increases the rate of deposition of the airborne PM in the respiratory tract of the runners, as a consequence of the huge V(E) generated during the race. A decrease of the PM content in the air attenuates this rate. Based on our calculations, we postulate that the PM(10) content in the air during a “clean air marathon run”, involving elite marathon runners, should be below 5.5 µg m(−3). PeerJ Inc. 2021-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8214849/ /pubmed/34178455 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11562 Text en ©2021 Zoladz and Nieckarz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Public Health
Zoladz, Jerzy A.
Nieckarz, Zenon
Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
title Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
title_full Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
title_fullStr Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
title_full_unstemmed Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
title_short Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
title_sort marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8214849/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178455
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11562
work_keys_str_mv AT zoladzjerzya marathonraceperformanceincreasestheamountofparticulatematterdepositedintherespiratorysystemofrunnersanincentiveforcleanairmarathonruns
AT nieckarzzenon marathonraceperformanceincreasestheamountofparticulatematterdepositedintherespiratorysystemofrunnersanincentiveforcleanairmarathonruns