Qualitative Assessment of the Quality of Care for Preterm, Low Birth Weight, and Sick Newborns in Ethiopia

This study assesses the quality of care for preterm, low birth weight (LBW), and sick newborns across the public health care system levels in 3 regions of Ethiopia. Qualitative data based on the WHO framework to assess provision and experience of care was collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with women who recently delivered preterm, LBW, and sick newborns, as well as health care providers and health extension workers, and facility administrators associated with study health facilities. This qualitative approach revealed perspectives of patients, health care providers and facility administrators to assess what is actually happening in facilities. Clinical guidelines for the care of preterm, LBW, and sick newborns were not available in many facilities, and even when available, often not followed. Most providers reported little or no communication with parents following hospital discharge. Human resource challenges (shortage of skilled staff, motivation and willingness, lack of supervision, and poor leadership) inhibited quality of care. Participants reported widespread shortages of equipment and supplies, medication, physical space, water, electricity, and infrastructure. Economic insecurity was a critical factor affecting parents’ experience. Acceptance by users was impacted by the perceived benefits and cost. Users reported they were less likely to accept interventions if they perceived that there would be financial costs they couldn’t afford. The quality of care for preterm, LBW, and sick newborns in Ethiopia as reported by recently delivered women, health care providers and facility administrators is compromised. Improving quality of care requires attention to process of care, experience of care, and health system capacity, structure, and resources.