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Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization

With increasing flood risk, evacuation has become an important research topic in urban flood management. Urban flood evacuation is a complex problem due to i) the complex interactions among several components within a city and ii) the need to consider multiple, often competing, dimensions/objectives...

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Autores principales: Oh, Woi Sok, Yu, David J., Muneepeerakul, Rachata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219134/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34157044
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253395
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author Oh, Woi Sok
Yu, David J.
Muneepeerakul, Rachata
author_facet Oh, Woi Sok
Yu, David J.
Muneepeerakul, Rachata
author_sort Oh, Woi Sok
collection PubMed
description With increasing flood risk, evacuation has become an important research topic in urban flood management. Urban flood evacuation is a complex problem due to i) the complex interactions among several components within a city and ii) the need to consider multiple, often competing, dimensions/objectives in evacuation analysis. In this study, we focused on the interplay between two such objectives: efficiency and fairness. We captured the evacuation process in a conceptual agent-based model (ABM), which was analyzed under different hard infrastructure and institutional arrangement conditions, namely, various shelter capacity distributions as a hard infrastructure property and simultaneous/staged evacuation as an institutional arrangement. Efficiency was measured as the time it takes for a person to evacuate to safety. Fairness was defined by how equally residents suffered from floods, and the level of suffering depended on the perceived risk and evacuation time. Our findings suggested that efficiency is more sensitive to the shelter capacity distribution, while fairness changes more notably according to the evacuation priority assigned to the divided zones in staged evacuation. Simultaneous evacuation generally tended to be more efficient but unfairer than staged evacuation. The efficiency-fairness trade-off was captured by Pareto-optimal strategies, among which uniform capacity cases led to a higher efficiency while prioritizing high-risk residents increases fairness. Strategies balancing efficiency and fairness featured a uniform capacity and prioritized high-risk residents at an intermediate time delay. These findings more clearly exposed the interactions between different factors and could be adopted as benchmarks to inform more complicated evacuation ABMs.
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spelling pubmed-82191342021-07-07 Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization Oh, Woi Sok Yu, David J. Muneepeerakul, Rachata PLoS One Research Article With increasing flood risk, evacuation has become an important research topic in urban flood management. Urban flood evacuation is a complex problem due to i) the complex interactions among several components within a city and ii) the need to consider multiple, often competing, dimensions/objectives in evacuation analysis. In this study, we focused on the interplay between two such objectives: efficiency and fairness. We captured the evacuation process in a conceptual agent-based model (ABM), which was analyzed under different hard infrastructure and institutional arrangement conditions, namely, various shelter capacity distributions as a hard infrastructure property and simultaneous/staged evacuation as an institutional arrangement. Efficiency was measured as the time it takes for a person to evacuate to safety. Fairness was defined by how equally residents suffered from floods, and the level of suffering depended on the perceived risk and evacuation time. Our findings suggested that efficiency is more sensitive to the shelter capacity distribution, while fairness changes more notably according to the evacuation priority assigned to the divided zones in staged evacuation. Simultaneous evacuation generally tended to be more efficient but unfairer than staged evacuation. The efficiency-fairness trade-off was captured by Pareto-optimal strategies, among which uniform capacity cases led to a higher efficiency while prioritizing high-risk residents increases fairness. Strategies balancing efficiency and fairness featured a uniform capacity and prioritized high-risk residents at an intermediate time delay. These findings more clearly exposed the interactions between different factors and could be adopted as benchmarks to inform more complicated evacuation ABMs. Public Library of Science 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8219134/ /pubmed/34157044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253395 Text en © 2021 Oh et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Oh, Woi Sok
Yu, David J.
Muneepeerakul, Rachata
Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
title Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
title_full Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
title_fullStr Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
title_full_unstemmed Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
title_short Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
title_sort efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: the effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219134/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34157044
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253395
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