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Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea

OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent studies. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 severity and fatality are unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 4,141 COVID-19 patients who...

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Autores principales: Kang, In Sook, Kong, Kyoung Ae
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34157043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253640
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author Kang, In Sook
Kong, Kyoung Ae
author_facet Kang, In Sook
Kong, Kyoung Ae
author_sort Kang, In Sook
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent studies. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 severity and fatality are unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 4,141 COVID-19 patients who were released from isolation or had died as of April 30, 2020. This nationwide data was provided by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency. BMI was categorized as follows; < 18.5 kg/m(2), 18.5–22.9 kg/m(2), 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2), 25.0–29.9 kg/m(2), and ≥ 30 kg/m(2). We defined a fatal illness if the patient had died. RESULTS: Among participants, those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m(2) were the most common (42.0%), followed by 25.0–29.9 kg/m(2) (24.4%), 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2) (24.3%), ≥ 30 kg/m(2) (4.7%), and < 18.5 kg/m(2) (4.6%). In addition, 1,654 (41.2%) were men and 3.04% were fatalities. Multivariable analysis showed that age, male sex, BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2), diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and dementia were independent risk factors for fatal illness. In particular, BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR] 3.97, 95% CI 1.77–8.92), 25.0–29.9 kg/m(2) (2.43, 1.32–4.47), and ≥ 30 kg/m(2) (4.32, 1.37–13.61) were found to have higher ORs than the BMI of 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2) (reference). There was no significant difference between those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m(2) (1.59, 0.88–2.89) and 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between BMI and fatal illness. Subjects with a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m(2) and those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) had a high risk of fatal illness. Maintaining a healthy weight is important not only to prevent chronic cardiometabolic diseases, but also to improve the outcome of COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-82191442021-07-07 Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea Kang, In Sook Kong, Kyoung Ae PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent studies. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 severity and fatality are unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 4,141 COVID-19 patients who were released from isolation or had died as of April 30, 2020. This nationwide data was provided by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency. BMI was categorized as follows; < 18.5 kg/m(2), 18.5–22.9 kg/m(2), 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2), 25.0–29.9 kg/m(2), and ≥ 30 kg/m(2). We defined a fatal illness if the patient had died. RESULTS: Among participants, those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m(2) were the most common (42.0%), followed by 25.0–29.9 kg/m(2) (24.4%), 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2) (24.3%), ≥ 30 kg/m(2) (4.7%), and < 18.5 kg/m(2) (4.6%). In addition, 1,654 (41.2%) were men and 3.04% were fatalities. Multivariable analysis showed that age, male sex, BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2), diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and dementia were independent risk factors for fatal illness. In particular, BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR] 3.97, 95% CI 1.77–8.92), 25.0–29.9 kg/m(2) (2.43, 1.32–4.47), and ≥ 30 kg/m(2) (4.32, 1.37–13.61) were found to have higher ORs than the BMI of 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2) (reference). There was no significant difference between those with a BMI of 18.5–22.9 kg/m(2) (1.59, 0.88–2.89) and 23.0–24.9 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between BMI and fatal illness. Subjects with a BMI of < 18.5 kg/m(2) and those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) had a high risk of fatal illness. Maintaining a healthy weight is important not only to prevent chronic cardiometabolic diseases, but also to improve the outcome of COVID-19. Public Library of Science 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8219144/ /pubmed/34157043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253640 Text en © 2021 Kang, Kong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kang, In Sook
Kong, Kyoung Ae
Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
title Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
title_full Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
title_fullStr Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
title_full_unstemmed Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
title_short Body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide epidemiological study in Korea
title_sort body mass index and severity/fatality from coronavirus disease 2019: a nationwide epidemiological study in korea
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34157043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253640
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