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Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome

Many studies report an overlap of MRI and clinical findings between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), which in part is reflective of inclusion of subjects with variable disease duration and short periods of follow-up. To...

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Autores principales: Haider, Lukas, Prados, Ferran, Chung, Karen, Goodkin, Olivia, Kanber, Baris, Sudre, Carole, Yiannakas, Marios, Samson, Rebecca S, Mangesius, Stephanie, Thompson, Alan J, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M, Ciccarelli, Olga, Chard, Declan T, Barkhof, Frederik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33880511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab033
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author Haider, Lukas
Prados, Ferran
Chung, Karen
Goodkin, Olivia
Kanber, Baris
Sudre, Carole
Yiannakas, Marios
Samson, Rebecca S
Mangesius, Stephanie
Thompson, Alan J
Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M
Ciccarelli, Olga
Chard, Declan T
Barkhof, Frederik
author_facet Haider, Lukas
Prados, Ferran
Chung, Karen
Goodkin, Olivia
Kanber, Baris
Sudre, Carole
Yiannakas, Marios
Samson, Rebecca S
Mangesius, Stephanie
Thompson, Alan J
Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M
Ciccarelli, Olga
Chard, Declan T
Barkhof, Frederik
author_sort Haider, Lukas
collection PubMed
description Many studies report an overlap of MRI and clinical findings between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), which in part is reflective of inclusion of subjects with variable disease duration and short periods of follow-up. To overcome these limitations, we examined the differences between RRMS and SPMS and the relationship between MRI measures and clinical outcomes 30 years after first presentation with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Sixty-three patients were studied 30 years after their initial presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome; only 14% received a disease modifying treatment at any time point. Twenty-seven patients developed RRMS, 15 SPMS and 21 experienced no further neurological events; these groups were comparable in terms of age and disease duration. Clinical assessment included the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test and Timed 25-Foot Walk and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment For Multiple Sclerosis. All subjects underwent a comprehensive MRI protocol at 3 T measuring brain white and grey matter (lesions, volumes and magnetization transfer ratio) and cervical cord involvement. Linear regression models were used to estimate age- and gender-adjusted group differences between clinical phenotypes after 30 years, and stepwise selection to determine associations between a large sets of MRI predictor variables and physical and cognitive outcome measures. At the 30-year follow-up, the greatest differences in MRI measures between SPMS and RRMS were the number of cortical lesions, which were higher in SPMS (the presence of cortical lesions had 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity), and grey matter volume, which was lower in SPMS. Across all subjects, cortical lesions, grey matter volume and cervical cord volume explained 60% of the variance of the Expanded Disability Status Scale; cortical lesions alone explained 43%. Grey matter volume, cortical lesions and gender explained 43% of the variance of Timed 25-Foot Walk. Reduced cortical magnetization transfer ratios emerged as the only significant explanatory variable for the symbol digit modality test and explained 52% of its variance. Cortical involvement, both in terms of lesions and atrophy, appears to be the main correlate of progressive disease and disability in a cohort of individuals with very long follow-up and homogeneous disease duration, indicating that this should be the target of therapeutic interventions.
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spelling pubmed-82193642021-06-23 Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome Haider, Lukas Prados, Ferran Chung, Karen Goodkin, Olivia Kanber, Baris Sudre, Carole Yiannakas, Marios Samson, Rebecca S Mangesius, Stephanie Thompson, Alan J Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M Ciccarelli, Olga Chard, Declan T Barkhof, Frederik Brain Original Articles Many studies report an overlap of MRI and clinical findings between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), which in part is reflective of inclusion of subjects with variable disease duration and short periods of follow-up. To overcome these limitations, we examined the differences between RRMS and SPMS and the relationship between MRI measures and clinical outcomes 30 years after first presentation with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Sixty-three patients were studied 30 years after their initial presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome; only 14% received a disease modifying treatment at any time point. Twenty-seven patients developed RRMS, 15 SPMS and 21 experienced no further neurological events; these groups were comparable in terms of age and disease duration. Clinical assessment included the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test and Timed 25-Foot Walk and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment For Multiple Sclerosis. All subjects underwent a comprehensive MRI protocol at 3 T measuring brain white and grey matter (lesions, volumes and magnetization transfer ratio) and cervical cord involvement. Linear regression models were used to estimate age- and gender-adjusted group differences between clinical phenotypes after 30 years, and stepwise selection to determine associations between a large sets of MRI predictor variables and physical and cognitive outcome measures. At the 30-year follow-up, the greatest differences in MRI measures between SPMS and RRMS were the number of cortical lesions, which were higher in SPMS (the presence of cortical lesions had 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity), and grey matter volume, which was lower in SPMS. Across all subjects, cortical lesions, grey matter volume and cervical cord volume explained 60% of the variance of the Expanded Disability Status Scale; cortical lesions alone explained 43%. Grey matter volume, cortical lesions and gender explained 43% of the variance of Timed 25-Foot Walk. Reduced cortical magnetization transfer ratios emerged as the only significant explanatory variable for the symbol digit modality test and explained 52% of its variance. Cortical involvement, both in terms of lesions and atrophy, appears to be the main correlate of progressive disease and disability in a cohort of individuals with very long follow-up and homogeneous disease duration, indicating that this should be the target of therapeutic interventions. Oxford University Press 2021-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8219364/ /pubmed/33880511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab033 Text en © The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Haider, Lukas
Prados, Ferran
Chung, Karen
Goodkin, Olivia
Kanber, Baris
Sudre, Carole
Yiannakas, Marios
Samson, Rebecca S
Mangesius, Stephanie
Thompson, Alan J
Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Claudia A M
Ciccarelli, Olga
Chard, Declan T
Barkhof, Frederik
Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
title Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
title_full Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
title_fullStr Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
title_short Cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
title_sort cortical involvement determines impairment 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33880511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab033
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