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Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study
BACKGROUND: Measles outbreaks are prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa despite the preventive measures like vaccination that target under five-year-old children and health systems strengthening efforts like prioritizing the supply chain for supplies. Measles immunization coverage for Kasese distr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8220759/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34157990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06213-5 |
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author | Walekhwa, Abel Wilson Ntaro, Moses Kawungezi, Peter Chris Achangwa, Chiara Muhindo, Rabbison Baguma, Emmanuel Matte, Michael Migisha, Richard Reyes, Raquel Thompson, Peyton Boyce, Ross M. Mulogo, Edgar M. |
author_facet | Walekhwa, Abel Wilson Ntaro, Moses Kawungezi, Peter Chris Achangwa, Chiara Muhindo, Rabbison Baguma, Emmanuel Matte, Michael Migisha, Richard Reyes, Raquel Thompson, Peyton Boyce, Ross M. Mulogo, Edgar M. |
author_sort | Walekhwa, Abel Wilson |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Measles outbreaks are prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa despite the preventive measures like vaccination that target under five-year-old children and health systems strengthening efforts like prioritizing the supply chain for supplies. Measles immunization coverage for Kasese district and Bugoye HC III in 2018 was 72 and 69%, respectively. This coverage has been very low and always marked red in the Red categorization (below the national target/poor performing) on the national league table indicators. The aim of this study was to assess the scope of the 2018–2019 measles outbreak and the associated risk factors among children aged 0–60 months in Bugoye sub-county, Kasese district, western Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective unmatched case-control study among children aged 0–60 months with measles (cases) who had either a clinical presentation or a laboratory confirmation (IgM positivity) presenting at Bugoye Health Centre III (BHC) or in the surrounding communities between December 2018 and October 2019.. Caregivers of the controls (whose children did not have measles) were selected at the time of data collection in July 2020. A modified CDC case investigation form was used in data collection. Quantitative data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel and STATA version 13. The children’s immunization cards and health registers at BHC were reviewed to ascertain the immunization status of the children before the outbreak. RESULTS: An extended measles outbreak occurred in Bugoye, Uganda occured between December 2018 and October 2019. All 34 facility-based measles cases were documented to have had maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, and cough. Also, the majority had fever (97%), coryza (94.1%), lymphadenopathy (76.5%), arthralgias (73.5%) and Koplik Spots (91.2%) as documented in the clinical registers. Similar symptoms were reported among 36 community-based cases. Getting infected even after immunized, low measles vaccination coverage were identified as the principal risk factors for this outbreak. CONCLUSION: Measles is still a significant problem. This study showed that this outbreak was associated with under-vaccination. Implementing a second routine dose of measles-rubella vaccine would not only increase the number of children with at least one dose but also boost the immunity of those who had the first dose. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06213-5. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8220759 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82207592021-06-24 Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study Walekhwa, Abel Wilson Ntaro, Moses Kawungezi, Peter Chris Achangwa, Chiara Muhindo, Rabbison Baguma, Emmanuel Matte, Michael Migisha, Richard Reyes, Raquel Thompson, Peyton Boyce, Ross M. Mulogo, Edgar M. BMC Infect Dis Research BACKGROUND: Measles outbreaks are prevalent throughout sub-Saharan Africa despite the preventive measures like vaccination that target under five-year-old children and health systems strengthening efforts like prioritizing the supply chain for supplies. Measles immunization coverage for Kasese district and Bugoye HC III in 2018 was 72 and 69%, respectively. This coverage has been very low and always marked red in the Red categorization (below the national target/poor performing) on the national league table indicators. The aim of this study was to assess the scope of the 2018–2019 measles outbreak and the associated risk factors among children aged 0–60 months in Bugoye sub-county, Kasese district, western Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective unmatched case-control study among children aged 0–60 months with measles (cases) who had either a clinical presentation or a laboratory confirmation (IgM positivity) presenting at Bugoye Health Centre III (BHC) or in the surrounding communities between December 2018 and October 2019.. Caregivers of the controls (whose children did not have measles) were selected at the time of data collection in July 2020. A modified CDC case investigation form was used in data collection. Quantitative data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft excel and STATA version 13. The children’s immunization cards and health registers at BHC were reviewed to ascertain the immunization status of the children before the outbreak. RESULTS: An extended measles outbreak occurred in Bugoye, Uganda occured between December 2018 and October 2019. All 34 facility-based measles cases were documented to have had maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, and cough. Also, the majority had fever (97%), coryza (94.1%), lymphadenopathy (76.5%), arthralgias (73.5%) and Koplik Spots (91.2%) as documented in the clinical registers. Similar symptoms were reported among 36 community-based cases. Getting infected even after immunized, low measles vaccination coverage were identified as the principal risk factors for this outbreak. CONCLUSION: Measles is still a significant problem. This study showed that this outbreak was associated with under-vaccination. Implementing a second routine dose of measles-rubella vaccine would not only increase the number of children with at least one dose but also boost the immunity of those who had the first dose. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06213-5. BioMed Central 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8220759/ /pubmed/34157990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06213-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Walekhwa, Abel Wilson Ntaro, Moses Kawungezi, Peter Chris Achangwa, Chiara Muhindo, Rabbison Baguma, Emmanuel Matte, Michael Migisha, Richard Reyes, Raquel Thompson, Peyton Boyce, Ross M. Mulogo, Edgar M. Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study |
title | Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study |
title_full | Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study |
title_fullStr | Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study |
title_full_unstemmed | Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study |
title_short | Measles outbreak in Western Uganda: a case-control study |
title_sort | measles outbreak in western uganda: a case-control study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8220759/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34157990 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06213-5 |
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