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Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice
Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis, which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222520/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34177964 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101 |
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author | Lan, Riguo Wan, Zhixin Xu, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenglei Fu, Shaodong Zhou, Yuanyuan Lin, Xinguang Han, Xiangan Luo, Zhenhua Miao, Jinfeng Yin, Yulong |
author_facet | Lan, Riguo Wan, Zhixin Xu, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenglei Fu, Shaodong Zhou, Yuanyuan Lin, Xinguang Han, Xiangan Luo, Zhenhua Miao, Jinfeng Yin, Yulong |
author_sort | Lan, Riguo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis, which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens require energy from host. Mouse is a common animal model for studying bovine mastitis. In this perspective, we uncover metabolic reprogramming during host immune responses is associated with infection-driven inflammation, particularly when caused by intracellular bacteria. Taurine, a metabolic regulator, has been shown to effectively ameliorate metabolic diseases. We evaluated the role of taurine in the metabolic regulation of S. uberis-induced mastitis. Metabolic profiling indicates that S. uberis exposure triggers inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of mammary glands and mammary epithelial cells (the main functional cells in mammary glands). Challenge with S. uberis upregulates glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MECs. Pretreatment with taurine restores metabolic homeostasis, reverses metabolic dysfunction by decrease of lipid, amino acid and especially energy disturbance in the infectious context, and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses. These outcomes depend on taurine-mediated activation of the AMPK–mTOR pathway, which inhibits the over activation of inflammatory responses and alleviates cellular damage. Thus, metabolic homeostasis is essential for reducing inflammation. Metabolic modulation can be used as a prophylactic strategy against mastitis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8222520 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82225202021-06-25 Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice Lan, Riguo Wan, Zhixin Xu, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenglei Fu, Shaodong Zhou, Yuanyuan Lin, Xinguang Han, Xiangan Luo, Zhenhua Miao, Jinfeng Yin, Yulong Front Immunol Immunology Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis, which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens require energy from host. Mouse is a common animal model for studying bovine mastitis. In this perspective, we uncover metabolic reprogramming during host immune responses is associated with infection-driven inflammation, particularly when caused by intracellular bacteria. Taurine, a metabolic regulator, has been shown to effectively ameliorate metabolic diseases. We evaluated the role of taurine in the metabolic regulation of S. uberis-induced mastitis. Metabolic profiling indicates that S. uberis exposure triggers inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of mammary glands and mammary epithelial cells (the main functional cells in mammary glands). Challenge with S. uberis upregulates glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MECs. Pretreatment with taurine restores metabolic homeostasis, reverses metabolic dysfunction by decrease of lipid, amino acid and especially energy disturbance in the infectious context, and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses. These outcomes depend on taurine-mediated activation of the AMPK–mTOR pathway, which inhibits the over activation of inflammatory responses and alleviates cellular damage. Thus, metabolic homeostasis is essential for reducing inflammation. Metabolic modulation can be used as a prophylactic strategy against mastitis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8222520/ /pubmed/34177964 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101 Text en Copyright © 2021 Lan, Wan, Xu, Wang, Fu, Zhou, Lin, Han, Luo, Miao and Yin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Lan, Riguo Wan, Zhixin Xu, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenglei Fu, Shaodong Zhou, Yuanyuan Lin, Xinguang Han, Xiangan Luo, Zhenhua Miao, Jinfeng Yin, Yulong Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice |
title | Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice |
title_full | Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice |
title_fullStr | Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice |
title_short | Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice |
title_sort | taurine reprograms mammary-gland metabolism and alleviates inflammation induced by streptococcus uberis in mice |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222520/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34177964 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101 |
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