Cargando…
The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes
Phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, ingest particles larger than about 0.5 μM and thereby clear microbial pathogens and malignant cells from the body. These phagocytic cargoes are proteolytically degraded within the lumen of phagosomes, and peptides derived from...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222813/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34179001 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.673502 |
_version_ | 1783711568257613824 |
---|---|
author | Dabral, Deepti van den Bogaart, Geert |
author_facet | Dabral, Deepti van den Bogaart, Geert |
author_sort | Dabral, Deepti |
collection | PubMed |
description | Phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, ingest particles larger than about 0.5 μM and thereby clear microbial pathogens and malignant cells from the body. These phagocytic cargoes are proteolytically degraded within the lumen of phagosomes, and peptides derived from them are presented on Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) for the activation of T cells. Mammalian PLA(2) isozymes belong to a large family of enzymes that cleave phospholipids at the second position of the glycerol backbone, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysolipid moiety. In human macrophages, at least 15 different PLA(2) forms are expressed, and expression of many of these is dependent on pathogenic stimulation. Intriguing questions are why so many PLA(2) forms are expressed in macrophages, and what are the functional consequences of their altered gene expression after encountering pathogenic stimuli. In this review, we discuss the evidence of the differential roles of different forms of PLA(2) in phagocytic immune cells. These roles include: lipid signaling for immune cell activation, initial phagocytic particle uptake, microbial action for the killing and degradation of ingested microbes, and the repair of membranes induced by oxygen radicals. We also discuss the roles of PLA(2) in the subsequent digestion of ingested phagocytic cargoes for antigen presentation to T cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8222813 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82228132021-06-25 The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes Dabral, Deepti van den Bogaart, Geert Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, ingest particles larger than about 0.5 μM and thereby clear microbial pathogens and malignant cells from the body. These phagocytic cargoes are proteolytically degraded within the lumen of phagosomes, and peptides derived from them are presented on Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) for the activation of T cells. Mammalian PLA(2) isozymes belong to a large family of enzymes that cleave phospholipids at the second position of the glycerol backbone, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysolipid moiety. In human macrophages, at least 15 different PLA(2) forms are expressed, and expression of many of these is dependent on pathogenic stimulation. Intriguing questions are why so many PLA(2) forms are expressed in macrophages, and what are the functional consequences of their altered gene expression after encountering pathogenic stimuli. In this review, we discuss the evidence of the differential roles of different forms of PLA(2) in phagocytic immune cells. These roles include: lipid signaling for immune cell activation, initial phagocytic particle uptake, microbial action for the killing and degradation of ingested microbes, and the repair of membranes induced by oxygen radicals. We also discuss the roles of PLA(2) in the subsequent digestion of ingested phagocytic cargoes for antigen presentation to T cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8222813/ /pubmed/34179001 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.673502 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dabral and van den Bogaart. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Dabral, Deepti van den Bogaart, Geert The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes |
title | The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes |
title_full | The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes |
title_fullStr | The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes |
title_short | The Roles of Phospholipase A(2) in Phagocytes |
title_sort | roles of phospholipase a(2) in phagocytes |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222813/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34179001 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.673502 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dabraldeepti therolesofphospholipasea2inphagocytes AT vandenbogaartgeert therolesofphospholipasea2inphagocytes AT dabraldeepti rolesofphospholipasea2inphagocytes AT vandenbogaartgeert rolesofphospholipasea2inphagocytes |