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Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving

Decompression sickness (DCS) develops due to inert gas bubble formation in bodily tissues and in the circulation, leading to a wide range of potentially serious clinical manifestations. Its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aim to explore changes in the human leukocy...

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Autores principales: Magri, Kurt, Eftedal, Ingrid, Petroni Magri, Vanessa, Matity, Lyubisa, Azzopardi, Charles Paul, Muscat, Stephen, Pace, Nikolai Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34177613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.660402
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author Magri, Kurt
Eftedal, Ingrid
Petroni Magri, Vanessa
Matity, Lyubisa
Azzopardi, Charles Paul
Muscat, Stephen
Pace, Nikolai Paul
author_facet Magri, Kurt
Eftedal, Ingrid
Petroni Magri, Vanessa
Matity, Lyubisa
Azzopardi, Charles Paul
Muscat, Stephen
Pace, Nikolai Paul
author_sort Magri, Kurt
collection PubMed
description Decompression sickness (DCS) develops due to inert gas bubble formation in bodily tissues and in the circulation, leading to a wide range of potentially serious clinical manifestations. Its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aim to explore changes in the human leukocyte transcriptome in divers with DCS compared to closely matched unaffected controls after uneventful diving. Cases (n = 7) were divers developing the typical cutis marmorata rash after diving with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of DCS. Controls (n = 6) were healthy divers who surfaced from a ≥25 msw dive without decompression violation or evidence of DCS. Blood was sampled at two separate time points—within 8 h of dive completion and 40–44 h later. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes and relate their function to biological pathways. In DCS cases, we identified enrichment of transcripts involved in acute inflammation, activation of innate immunity and free radical scavenging pathways, with specific upregulation of transcripts related to neutrophil function and degranulation. DCS-induced transcriptomic events were reversed at the second time point following exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. The observed changes are consistent with findings from animal models of DCS and highlight a continuum between the responses elicited by uneventful diving and diving complicated by DCS. This study sheds light on the inflammatory pathophysiology of DCS and the associated immune response. Such data may potentially be valuable in the search for novel treatments targeting this disease.
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spelling pubmed-82229212021-06-25 Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving Magri, Kurt Eftedal, Ingrid Petroni Magri, Vanessa Matity, Lyubisa Azzopardi, Charles Paul Muscat, Stephen Pace, Nikolai Paul Front Physiol Physiology Decompression sickness (DCS) develops due to inert gas bubble formation in bodily tissues and in the circulation, leading to a wide range of potentially serious clinical manifestations. Its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aim to explore changes in the human leukocyte transcriptome in divers with DCS compared to closely matched unaffected controls after uneventful diving. Cases (n = 7) were divers developing the typical cutis marmorata rash after diving with a confirmed clinical diagnosis of DCS. Controls (n = 6) were healthy divers who surfaced from a ≥25 msw dive without decompression violation or evidence of DCS. Blood was sampled at two separate time points—within 8 h of dive completion and 40–44 h later. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes and relate their function to biological pathways. In DCS cases, we identified enrichment of transcripts involved in acute inflammation, activation of innate immunity and free radical scavenging pathways, with specific upregulation of transcripts related to neutrophil function and degranulation. DCS-induced transcriptomic events were reversed at the second time point following exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. The observed changes are consistent with findings from animal models of DCS and highlight a continuum between the responses elicited by uneventful diving and diving complicated by DCS. This study sheds light on the inflammatory pathophysiology of DCS and the associated immune response. Such data may potentially be valuable in the search for novel treatments targeting this disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8222921/ /pubmed/34177613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.660402 Text en Copyright © 2021 Magri, Eftedal, Petroni Magri, Matity, Azzopardi, Muscat and Pace. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Magri, Kurt
Eftedal, Ingrid
Petroni Magri, Vanessa
Matity, Lyubisa
Azzopardi, Charles Paul
Muscat, Stephen
Pace, Nikolai Paul
Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving
title Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving
title_full Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving
title_fullStr Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving
title_full_unstemmed Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving
title_short Acute Effects on the Human Peripheral Blood Transcriptome of Decompression Sickness Secondary to Scuba Diving
title_sort acute effects on the human peripheral blood transcriptome of decompression sickness secondary to scuba diving
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34177613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.660402
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