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Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting?
Leucocytes, especially neutrophils featuring pro- and anti-cancerous characteristics, are involved in nearly every stage of tumorigenesis. Phenotypic and functional differences among mature and immature neutrophil fractions are well reported, and their correlation with tumor progression and therapy...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063858 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060922 |
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author | Haider, Rana Zeeshan Khan, Najeed Ahmed Urrechaga, Eloisa Shamsi, Tahir Sultan |
author_facet | Haider, Rana Zeeshan Khan, Najeed Ahmed Urrechaga, Eloisa Shamsi, Tahir Sultan |
author_sort | Haider, Rana Zeeshan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Leucocytes, especially neutrophils featuring pro- and anti-cancerous characteristics, are involved in nearly every stage of tumorigenesis. Phenotypic and functional differences among mature and immature neutrophil fractions are well reported, and their correlation with tumor progression and therapy has emerging implications in modern oncology practices. Technological advancements enabled modern hematology analyzers to generate extended information (research parameters) during complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis. We hypothesized that neutrophil and lymphocyte fractions-related extended differential leucocytes count (DLC) parameters hold superior diagnostic utility over routine modalities. The present study was carried out over a four-and-a-half-year period wherein extended neutrophil (immature granulocyte [IG] and mature neutrophil [NEUT#&]), and lymphocyte (activated/high fluorescence lymphocyte count [HFLC] and resting lymphocyte [LYMP#&]) parameters were challenged over routine neutrophil [NEUT#] and lymphocyte [LYMP#] items in a study population of 1067 hematological neoplasm patients. Extending the classical statistical approaches, machine-learning-backed data visualization was used to explore trends in the study parameters. As a whole, extended neutrophil and lymphocyte count outperformed and was diagnostically more relevant than routine neutrophil and lymphocyte parameters by showing the least difference from their respective (gold-standard) manual DLC counts. The mature neutrophil count was compared to IG, and resting lymphocyte count was compared to HFLC by calling the function ‘correlation’ as a ‘clustering function’ for heatmap based visualization. The aforementioned study parameters displayed close clustering (rearrangement) for their respective study items by presenting distinct trends of equally valuable weights (deviated values), advocating fractions-based extended DLC reporting. Importantly, using a Bland and Altman analysis analogously to a manual neutrophil count, the mature neutrophil count [NEUT#&] remained unbiased since a routine neutrophil count [NEUT#] was found to be a negatively biased. The extended DLC-parameter-driven fractions-based reporting has superior diagnostic utility over classical routine approaches; this finding can largely minimize labor-intensive manual DLC practices, especially in hematology–oncology departments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8223966 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82239662021-06-25 Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? Haider, Rana Zeeshan Khan, Najeed Ahmed Urrechaga, Eloisa Shamsi, Tahir Sultan Diagnostics (Basel) Article Leucocytes, especially neutrophils featuring pro- and anti-cancerous characteristics, are involved in nearly every stage of tumorigenesis. Phenotypic and functional differences among mature and immature neutrophil fractions are well reported, and their correlation with tumor progression and therapy has emerging implications in modern oncology practices. Technological advancements enabled modern hematology analyzers to generate extended information (research parameters) during complete blood cell count (CBC) analysis. We hypothesized that neutrophil and lymphocyte fractions-related extended differential leucocytes count (DLC) parameters hold superior diagnostic utility over routine modalities. The present study was carried out over a four-and-a-half-year period wherein extended neutrophil (immature granulocyte [IG] and mature neutrophil [NEUT#&]), and lymphocyte (activated/high fluorescence lymphocyte count [HFLC] and resting lymphocyte [LYMP#&]) parameters were challenged over routine neutrophil [NEUT#] and lymphocyte [LYMP#] items in a study population of 1067 hematological neoplasm patients. Extending the classical statistical approaches, machine-learning-backed data visualization was used to explore trends in the study parameters. As a whole, extended neutrophil and lymphocyte count outperformed and was diagnostically more relevant than routine neutrophil and lymphocyte parameters by showing the least difference from their respective (gold-standard) manual DLC counts. The mature neutrophil count was compared to IG, and resting lymphocyte count was compared to HFLC by calling the function ‘correlation’ as a ‘clustering function’ for heatmap based visualization. The aforementioned study parameters displayed close clustering (rearrangement) for their respective study items by presenting distinct trends of equally valuable weights (deviated values), advocating fractions-based extended DLC reporting. Importantly, using a Bland and Altman analysis analogously to a manual neutrophil count, the mature neutrophil count [NEUT#&] remained unbiased since a routine neutrophil count [NEUT#] was found to be a negatively biased. The extended DLC-parameter-driven fractions-based reporting has superior diagnostic utility over classical routine approaches; this finding can largely minimize labor-intensive manual DLC practices, especially in hematology–oncology departments. MDPI 2021-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8223966/ /pubmed/34063858 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060922 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Haider, Rana Zeeshan Khan, Najeed Ahmed Urrechaga, Eloisa Shamsi, Tahir Sultan Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? |
title | Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? |
title_full | Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? |
title_fullStr | Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? |
title_full_unstemmed | Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? |
title_short | Mature and Immature/Activated Cells Fractionation: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Differential Leucocyte Count Reporting? |
title_sort | mature and immature/activated cells fractionation: time for a paradigm shift in differential leucocyte count reporting? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8223966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063858 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060922 |
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