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Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies

(1) Background: autoimmune encephalitis associated with neurexin-3α antibodies is a seldom reported disease entity often accompanied by a severe clinical neuropsychiatric syndrome. (2) Method: we report on the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with neurexin-3α-associated autoimmune encephalitis re...

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Autores principales: Hansen, Niels, Lange, Claudia, Maass, Fabian, Hassoun, Lina, Bouter, Caroline, Stöcker, Winfried, Schott, Björn Hendrik, Wiltfang, Jens, Fitzner, Dirk
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8224079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060673
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author Hansen, Niels
Lange, Claudia
Maass, Fabian
Hassoun, Lina
Bouter, Caroline
Stöcker, Winfried
Schott, Björn Hendrik
Wiltfang, Jens
Fitzner, Dirk
author_facet Hansen, Niels
Lange, Claudia
Maass, Fabian
Hassoun, Lina
Bouter, Caroline
Stöcker, Winfried
Schott, Björn Hendrik
Wiltfang, Jens
Fitzner, Dirk
author_sort Hansen, Niels
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: autoimmune encephalitis associated with neurexin-3α antibodies is a seldom reported disease entity often accompanied by a severe clinical neuropsychiatric syndrome. (2) Method: we report on the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with neurexin-3α-associated autoimmune encephalitis revealing cognitive decline and depression before the proof of neurexin-3α antibodies. He underwent neuropsychological testing, peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging and electroencephalography. (3) Results: our patient’s main clinical feature was amnestic cognitive decline in combination with depressive symptoms. CSF analysis showed elevated phosphorylated tau protein 181 and positive proof of serum neurexin-3α antibodies in a cell-based assay. An 18F-FDG-PET/CT of the brain initially showed bilateral cerebral hypometabolism prefrontal and parietal, which was absent in follow up. The brain MRI was unremarkable. EEG recordings showed frontotemporal slowing in the theta and delta range. (4) Conclusions: taken together, we assumed autoimmune encephalitis associated with serum neurexin-3α antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report on a predominantly mild clinical manifestation entailing amnestic mild cognitive impairment in addition to depression, thus broadening the clinical spectrum associated with neurexin-3α antibodies.
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spelling pubmed-82240792021-06-25 Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies Hansen, Niels Lange, Claudia Maass, Fabian Hassoun, Lina Bouter, Caroline Stöcker, Winfried Schott, Björn Hendrik Wiltfang, Jens Fitzner, Dirk Brain Sci Case Report (1) Background: autoimmune encephalitis associated with neurexin-3α antibodies is a seldom reported disease entity often accompanied by a severe clinical neuropsychiatric syndrome. (2) Method: we report on the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with neurexin-3α-associated autoimmune encephalitis revealing cognitive decline and depression before the proof of neurexin-3α antibodies. He underwent neuropsychological testing, peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging and electroencephalography. (3) Results: our patient’s main clinical feature was amnestic cognitive decline in combination with depressive symptoms. CSF analysis showed elevated phosphorylated tau protein 181 and positive proof of serum neurexin-3α antibodies in a cell-based assay. An 18F-FDG-PET/CT of the brain initially showed bilateral cerebral hypometabolism prefrontal and parietal, which was absent in follow up. The brain MRI was unremarkable. EEG recordings showed frontotemporal slowing in the theta and delta range. (4) Conclusions: taken together, we assumed autoimmune encephalitis associated with serum neurexin-3α antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report on a predominantly mild clinical manifestation entailing amnestic mild cognitive impairment in addition to depression, thus broadening the clinical spectrum associated with neurexin-3α antibodies. MDPI 2021-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8224079/ /pubmed/34064006 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060673 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Hansen, Niels
Lange, Claudia
Maass, Fabian
Hassoun, Lina
Bouter, Caroline
Stöcker, Winfried
Schott, Björn Hendrik
Wiltfang, Jens
Fitzner, Dirk
Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
title Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
title_full Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
title_fullStr Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
title_full_unstemmed Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
title_short Mild Amnestic Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Serum Anti-Neurexin-3α Autoantibodies
title_sort mild amnestic cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in autoimmune encephalitis associated with serum anti-neurexin-3α autoantibodies
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8224079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060673
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