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The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair

Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein, and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory, degenerative, autoimmune, and oncologic diseases. In fact, in the last decade, several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to...

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Autores principales: Cappellano, Giuseppe, Vecchio, Domizia, Magistrelli, Luca, Clemente, Nausicaa, Raineri, Davide, Barbero Mazzucca, Camilla, Virgilio, Eleonora, Dianzani, Umberto, Chiocchetti, Annalisa, Comi, Cristoforo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8224140/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33269761
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.300328
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author Cappellano, Giuseppe
Vecchio, Domizia
Magistrelli, Luca
Clemente, Nausicaa
Raineri, Davide
Barbero Mazzucca, Camilla
Virgilio, Eleonora
Dianzani, Umberto
Chiocchetti, Annalisa
Comi, Cristoforo
author_facet Cappellano, Giuseppe
Vecchio, Domizia
Magistrelli, Luca
Clemente, Nausicaa
Raineri, Davide
Barbero Mazzucca, Camilla
Virgilio, Eleonora
Dianzani, Umberto
Chiocchetti, Annalisa
Comi, Cristoforo
author_sort Cappellano, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein, and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory, degenerative, autoimmune, and oncologic diseases. In fact, in the last decade, several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion, but also increasing their survival. The detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases). Intriguingly, recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage (the Yin), but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms (the Yang), mostly triggered by the inflammatory response. These two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule, which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases cleavages. Such functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein.
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spelling pubmed-82241402021-07-02 The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair Cappellano, Giuseppe Vecchio, Domizia Magistrelli, Luca Clemente, Nausicaa Raineri, Davide Barbero Mazzucca, Camilla Virgilio, Eleonora Dianzani, Umberto Chiocchetti, Annalisa Comi, Cristoforo Neural Regen Res Review Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein, and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory, degenerative, autoimmune, and oncologic diseases. In fact, in the last decade, several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion, but also increasing their survival. The detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions (i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases). Intriguingly, recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage (the Yin), but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms (the Yang), mostly triggered by the inflammatory response. These two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule, which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases cleavages. Such functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8224140/ /pubmed/33269761 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.300328 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Neural Regeneration Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review
Cappellano, Giuseppe
Vecchio, Domizia
Magistrelli, Luca
Clemente, Nausicaa
Raineri, Davide
Barbero Mazzucca, Camilla
Virgilio, Eleonora
Dianzani, Umberto
Chiocchetti, Annalisa
Comi, Cristoforo
The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
title The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
title_full The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
title_fullStr The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
title_full_unstemmed The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
title_short The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
title_sort yin-yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8224140/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33269761
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.300328
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