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TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) act as immune cells against cancer tissues. The manual assessment of TILs is usually erroneous, tedious, costly and subject to inter- and intraobserver variability. Machine learning approaches can solve these issues, but they require a large amount of labeled da...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8224465/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178560 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084597 |
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author | SAHA, MONJOY GUO, XIAOYUAN SHARMA, ASHISH |
author_facet | SAHA, MONJOY GUO, XIAOYUAN SHARMA, ASHISH |
author_sort | SAHA, MONJOY |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) act as immune cells against cancer tissues. The manual assessment of TILs is usually erroneous, tedious, costly and subject to inter- and intraobserver variability. Machine learning approaches can solve these issues, but they require a large amount of labeled data for model training, which is expensive and not readily available. In this study, we present an efficient generative adversarial network, TilGAN, to generate high-quality synthetic pathology images followed by classification of TIL and non-TIL regions. Our proposed architecture is constructed with a generator network and a discriminator network. The novelty exists in the TilGAN architecture, loss functions, and evaluation techniques. Our TilGAN-generated images achieved a higher Inception score than the real images (2.90 vs. 2.32, respectively). They also achieved a lower kernel Inception distance (1.44) and a lower Fréchet Inception distance (0.312). It also passed the Turing test performed by experienced pathologists and clinicians. We further extended our evaluation studies and used almost one million synthetic data, generated by TilGAN, to train a classification model. Our proposed classification model achieved a 97.83% accuracy, a 97.37% F1-score, and a 97% area under the curve. Our extensive experiments and superior outcomes show the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed TilGAN architecture. This architecture can also be used for other types of images for image synthesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8224465 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82244652021-06-24 TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification SAHA, MONJOY GUO, XIAOYUAN SHARMA, ASHISH IEEE Access Article Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) act as immune cells against cancer tissues. The manual assessment of TILs is usually erroneous, tedious, costly and subject to inter- and intraobserver variability. Machine learning approaches can solve these issues, but they require a large amount of labeled data for model training, which is expensive and not readily available. In this study, we present an efficient generative adversarial network, TilGAN, to generate high-quality synthetic pathology images followed by classification of TIL and non-TIL regions. Our proposed architecture is constructed with a generator network and a discriminator network. The novelty exists in the TilGAN architecture, loss functions, and evaluation techniques. Our TilGAN-generated images achieved a higher Inception score than the real images (2.90 vs. 2.32, respectively). They also achieved a lower kernel Inception distance (1.44) and a lower Fréchet Inception distance (0.312). It also passed the Turing test performed by experienced pathologists and clinicians. We further extended our evaluation studies and used almost one million synthetic data, generated by TilGAN, to train a classification model. Our proposed classification model achieved a 97.83% accuracy, a 97.37% F1-score, and a 97% area under the curve. Our extensive experiments and superior outcomes show the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed TilGAN architecture. This architecture can also be used for other types of images for image synthesis. 2021-05-28 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8224465/ /pubmed/34178560 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084597 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article SAHA, MONJOY GUO, XIAOYUAN SHARMA, ASHISH TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification |
title | TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification |
title_full | TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification |
title_fullStr | TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification |
title_full_unstemmed | TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification |
title_short | TilGAN: GAN for Facilitating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Pathology Image Synthesis With Improved Image Classification |
title_sort | tilgan: gan for facilitating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte pathology image synthesis with improved image classification |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8224465/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34178560 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3084597 |
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