Foam Structure Preservation during Microwave-Assisted Vacuum Drying: Significance of Interfacial and Dielectric Properties of the Bulk Phase of Foams from Polysorbate 80–Maltodextrin Dispersions

This study aimed at examining the cause of differences in the structure preservation of polysorbate 80–maltodextrin foams during microwave-assisted vacuum drying (MWVD) versus conventional vacuum drying (CVD). Aqueous dispersions of 3% polysorbate 80 and 0–40% maltodextrin were characterized for their dielectric and interfacial properties, and results were related to their drying performance in a foamed state. Surface tension and surface dilatational properties as well as dielectric properties clearly responded to the variation in the maltodextrin content. Likewise, the foam structure preservation during CVD was linked to the maltodextrin concentration. Regarding MWVD, however, foams collapsed at all conditions tested. Nevertheless, if the structure during MWVD remained stable, the drying time was significantly reduced. Eventually, this finding could be linked to the dielectric properties of polysorbate 80 rather than its adsorption kinetics and surface film viscoelasticity as its resonant frequency fell within the working frequency of the microwave drying plant.