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Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Feathers contain around 90% of keratin which compose of unbalanced amino acids with low digestibility and limiting the usage in monogastric animal diets. To improve the nutrient value of feather through fermentation using keratinase-producing microbes pose a high economic potential....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225001/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061527 |
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author | Huang, Hsien-Juang Weng, Bor-Chun Hsuuw, Yan-Der Lee, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Kuo-Lung |
author_facet | Huang, Hsien-Juang Weng, Bor-Chun Hsuuw, Yan-Der Lee, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Kuo-Lung |
author_sort | Huang, Hsien-Juang |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Feathers contain around 90% of keratin which compose of unbalanced amino acids with low digestibility and limiting the usage in monogastric animal diets. To improve the nutrient value of feather through fermentation using keratinase-producing microbes pose a high economic potential. This study investigates the effects of two-stage fermented feather-soybean meal product (TSFP) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and immunity of finishing pigs. In growth performance, 2.5–5% TSFP promotes the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate with a best performance of 5%. In blood characteristics, 5% TSFP increased HDL-C, and decreased LDL-C and blood urea nitrogen content. In immunity, 5% TSFP increased lymphoblastogenesis stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A, and promoting IFN-γ, IgA productions, and phagocytic cells oxygen burst capacity. It appears that TSFP improves the growth performance and immunity of finishing pigs. ABSTRACT: This study investigates the effects of two-stage fermented feather meal-soybean meal product (TSFP) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and immunity of finishing pigs. Firstly, feather meal-soybean meal is subjected to aerobic fermentation with Bacillus subtilis var. natto N21, B. subtilis Da2 and Da15, B. amyloliquefaciens Da6, Da16 for two days, and anaerobic fermentation with B. coagulans L12 for three days. Then, the fermented product is air-dried into an end product—TSFP. Eighty hybrid pigs (Duroc x KHAPS) with equal numbers of both sexes are randomly assigned into 3% fish meal, 0%, 2.5%, or 5.0% TSFP groups with five replicates per group. Our results show that the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate of TSFP groups are significantly better than the other groups at 0–3 weeks (p < 0.05). The 5% TSFP group significantly increased HDL-C in the blood (p < 0.05), and decreased LDL-C and blood urea nitrogen content (p < 0.05). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) in 5% TSFP group and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) content in 2.5% and 5% TSFP groups are significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The phagocytic oxygen burst capacity and serum IgA content of the 5% TSFP group are significantly higher than those of the fishmeal group (p < 0.05). The CD3, CD4, and CD4 + CD8 + T cells subsets in 2.5% and 5% TSFP groups are significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TSFP has a positive effect on the growth performance and immunity of finishing pigs with the best performance on 5% TSFP. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8225001 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82250012021-06-25 Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs Huang, Hsien-Juang Weng, Bor-Chun Hsuuw, Yan-Der Lee, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Kuo-Lung Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Feathers contain around 90% of keratin which compose of unbalanced amino acids with low digestibility and limiting the usage in monogastric animal diets. To improve the nutrient value of feather through fermentation using keratinase-producing microbes pose a high economic potential. This study investigates the effects of two-stage fermented feather-soybean meal product (TSFP) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and immunity of finishing pigs. In growth performance, 2.5–5% TSFP promotes the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate with a best performance of 5%. In blood characteristics, 5% TSFP increased HDL-C, and decreased LDL-C and blood urea nitrogen content. In immunity, 5% TSFP increased lymphoblastogenesis stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A, and promoting IFN-γ, IgA productions, and phagocytic cells oxygen burst capacity. It appears that TSFP improves the growth performance and immunity of finishing pigs. ABSTRACT: This study investigates the effects of two-stage fermented feather meal-soybean meal product (TSFP) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and immunity of finishing pigs. Firstly, feather meal-soybean meal is subjected to aerobic fermentation with Bacillus subtilis var. natto N21, B. subtilis Da2 and Da15, B. amyloliquefaciens Da6, Da16 for two days, and anaerobic fermentation with B. coagulans L12 for three days. Then, the fermented product is air-dried into an end product—TSFP. Eighty hybrid pigs (Duroc x KHAPS) with equal numbers of both sexes are randomly assigned into 3% fish meal, 0%, 2.5%, or 5.0% TSFP groups with five replicates per group. Our results show that the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate of TSFP groups are significantly better than the other groups at 0–3 weeks (p < 0.05). The 5% TSFP group significantly increased HDL-C in the blood (p < 0.05), and decreased LDL-C and blood urea nitrogen content (p < 0.05). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) in 5% TSFP group and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) content in 2.5% and 5% TSFP groups are significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The phagocytic oxygen burst capacity and serum IgA content of the 5% TSFP group are significantly higher than those of the fishmeal group (p < 0.05). The CD3, CD4, and CD4 + CD8 + T cells subsets in 2.5% and 5% TSFP groups are significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TSFP has a positive effect on the growth performance and immunity of finishing pigs with the best performance on 5% TSFP. MDPI 2021-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8225001/ /pubmed/34073850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061527 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Hsien-Juang Weng, Bor-Chun Hsuuw, Yan-Der Lee, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Kuo-Lung Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs |
title | Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs |
title_full | Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs |
title_fullStr | Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs |
title_short | Dietary Supplementation of Two-Stage Fermented Feather-Soybean Meal Product on Growth Performance and Immunity in Finishing Pigs |
title_sort | dietary supplementation of two-stage fermented feather-soybean meal product on growth performance and immunity in finishing pigs |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225001/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061527 |
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