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Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of the...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595 |
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author | Sazzad, Faizus Kuzemczak, Michał Loh, Engracia Wu, Wellington Kofidis, Theo |
author_facet | Sazzad, Faizus Kuzemczak, Michał Loh, Engracia Wu, Wellington Kofidis, Theo |
author_sort | Sazzad, Faizus |
collection | PubMed |
description | A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of them in our clinical practice. The question arises as to why this is. The heart is a unique organ, anatomically and functionally. It is not an easy target to replicate with current techniques, or even to support in its viability and function. Currently, available therapies fail to reverse the loss of functional cardiac tissue, the fundamental pathology remains unaddressed, and heart transplantation is an ultima ratio treatment option. Owing to the equivocal results of cell-based therapies, several strategies have been pursued to overcome the limitations of the current treatment options. Preclinical data, as well as first-in-human studies, conducted to-date have provided important insights into the understanding of injection-based approaches for myocardial restoration. In light of the available data, injectable biomaterials suitable for transcatheter delivery appear to have the highest translational potential. This article presents a current state-of-the-literature review in the field of hydrogel-based myocardial restoration therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8225139 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82251392021-06-25 Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue Sazzad, Faizus Kuzemczak, Michał Loh, Engracia Wu, Wellington Kofidis, Theo Biomedicines Review A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of them in our clinical practice. The question arises as to why this is. The heart is a unique organ, anatomically and functionally. It is not an easy target to replicate with current techniques, or even to support in its viability and function. Currently, available therapies fail to reverse the loss of functional cardiac tissue, the fundamental pathology remains unaddressed, and heart transplantation is an ultima ratio treatment option. Owing to the equivocal results of cell-based therapies, several strategies have been pursued to overcome the limitations of the current treatment options. Preclinical data, as well as first-in-human studies, conducted to-date have provided important insights into the understanding of injection-based approaches for myocardial restoration. In light of the available data, injectable biomaterials suitable for transcatheter delivery appear to have the highest translational potential. This article presents a current state-of-the-literature review in the field of hydrogel-based myocardial restoration therapy. MDPI 2021-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8225139/ /pubmed/34073912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sazzad, Faizus Kuzemczak, Michał Loh, Engracia Wu, Wellington Kofidis, Theo Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue |
title | Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue |
title_full | Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue |
title_fullStr | Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue |
title_full_unstemmed | Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue |
title_short | Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue |
title_sort | targeted myocardial restoration with injectable hydrogels—in search of the holy grail in regenerating damaged heart tissue |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595 |
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