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Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue

A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of the...

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Autores principales: Sazzad, Faizus, Kuzemczak, Michał, Loh, Engracia, Wu, Wellington, Kofidis, Theo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073912
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595
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author Sazzad, Faizus
Kuzemczak, Michał
Loh, Engracia
Wu, Wellington
Kofidis, Theo
author_facet Sazzad, Faizus
Kuzemczak, Michał
Loh, Engracia
Wu, Wellington
Kofidis, Theo
author_sort Sazzad, Faizus
collection PubMed
description A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of them in our clinical practice. The question arises as to why this is. The heart is a unique organ, anatomically and functionally. It is not an easy target to replicate with current techniques, or even to support in its viability and function. Currently, available therapies fail to reverse the loss of functional cardiac tissue, the fundamental pathology remains unaddressed, and heart transplantation is an ultima ratio treatment option. Owing to the equivocal results of cell-based therapies, several strategies have been pursued to overcome the limitations of the current treatment options. Preclinical data, as well as first-in-human studies, conducted to-date have provided important insights into the understanding of injection-based approaches for myocardial restoration. In light of the available data, injectable biomaterials suitable for transcatheter delivery appear to have the highest translational potential. This article presents a current state-of-the-literature review in the field of hydrogel-based myocardial restoration therapy.
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spelling pubmed-82251392021-06-25 Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue Sazzad, Faizus Kuzemczak, Michał Loh, Engracia Wu, Wellington Kofidis, Theo Biomedicines Review A 3-dimensional, robust, and sustained myocardial restoration by means of tissue engineering remains an experimental approach. Prolific protocols have been developed and tested in small and large animals, but, as clinical cardiac surgeons, we have not arrived at the privilege of utilizing any of them in our clinical practice. The question arises as to why this is. The heart is a unique organ, anatomically and functionally. It is not an easy target to replicate with current techniques, or even to support in its viability and function. Currently, available therapies fail to reverse the loss of functional cardiac tissue, the fundamental pathology remains unaddressed, and heart transplantation is an ultima ratio treatment option. Owing to the equivocal results of cell-based therapies, several strategies have been pursued to overcome the limitations of the current treatment options. Preclinical data, as well as first-in-human studies, conducted to-date have provided important insights into the understanding of injection-based approaches for myocardial restoration. In light of the available data, injectable biomaterials suitable for transcatheter delivery appear to have the highest translational potential. This article presents a current state-of-the-literature review in the field of hydrogel-based myocardial restoration therapy. MDPI 2021-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8225139/ /pubmed/34073912 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sazzad, Faizus
Kuzemczak, Michał
Loh, Engracia
Wu, Wellington
Kofidis, Theo
Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
title Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
title_full Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
title_fullStr Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
title_full_unstemmed Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
title_short Targeted Myocardial Restoration with Injectable Hydrogels—In Search of The Holy Grail in Regenerating Damaged Heart Tissue
title_sort targeted myocardial restoration with injectable hydrogels—in search of the holy grail in regenerating damaged heart tissue
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073912
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060595
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