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Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: Fear is a primary emotional reaction to the deadly coronavirus disease which might be an associated factor for developing depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the level and associated factors of fear and depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population of Bangl...

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Autores principales: Islam, Md. Raisul, Sultana, Mst. Sadia, Khan, Abid Hasan, Hossain, Sahadat, Sikder, Md. Tajuddin, Hasan, M. Tasdik, Li, Zezhi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34189288
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07395
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author Islam, Md. Raisul
Sultana, Mst. Sadia
Khan, Abid Hasan
Hossain, Sahadat
Sikder, Md. Tajuddin
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Li, Zezhi
author_facet Islam, Md. Raisul
Sultana, Mst. Sadia
Khan, Abid Hasan
Hossain, Sahadat
Sikder, Md. Tajuddin
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Li, Zezhi
author_sort Islam, Md. Raisul
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Fear is a primary emotional reaction to the deadly coronavirus disease which might be an associated factor for developing depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the level and associated factors of fear and depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population of Bangladesh. METHODS: After providing informed consent, 1050 participants completed the cross-sectional online survey tool. Depressive symptoms and fear were assessed through the PHQ-9 and validated fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict potential factors of fear and depression. RESULTS: The study finds that females had higher scores for fear of COVID-19 scale (β1' = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.47) and Patient Health Questionnaire (β2' = 1.92; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.88) than their male counterpart. Respondents considering the virus to be extremely dangerous had higher scores for FCV-19S (β1' = 1.55; 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.44) and PHQ-9 (β2 = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.92). Similarly, respondents considering themselves unsafe and very worried about the virus had increased scores for both FCV-19S and PHQ-9. On other hand, people those were reluctant to use masks (β1' = -1.58; 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.04) or seek doctors’ advice (β1' = -0.93; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.02) if COVID-19 symptoms appear, had comparatively lower scores for FCV-19S. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of COVID-19 and depression were found to be associated with some specific knowledge, attitude & preparedness towards COVID-19 which should be adequately addressed in public health strategies to prevent the virus.
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spelling pubmed-82252882021-06-25 Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh Islam, Md. Raisul Sultana, Mst. Sadia Khan, Abid Hasan Hossain, Sahadat Sikder, Md. Tajuddin Hasan, M. Tasdik Li, Zezhi Heliyon Research Article BACKGROUND: Fear is a primary emotional reaction to the deadly coronavirus disease which might be an associated factor for developing depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the level and associated factors of fear and depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population of Bangladesh. METHODS: After providing informed consent, 1050 participants completed the cross-sectional online survey tool. Depressive symptoms and fear were assessed through the PHQ-9 and validated fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict potential factors of fear and depression. RESULTS: The study finds that females had higher scores for fear of COVID-19 scale (β1' = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.47) and Patient Health Questionnaire (β2' = 1.92; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.88) than their male counterpart. Respondents considering the virus to be extremely dangerous had higher scores for FCV-19S (β1' = 1.55; 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.44) and PHQ-9 (β2 = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.92). Similarly, respondents considering themselves unsafe and very worried about the virus had increased scores for both FCV-19S and PHQ-9. On other hand, people those were reluctant to use masks (β1' = -1.58; 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.04) or seek doctors’ advice (β1' = -0.93; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.02) if COVID-19 symptoms appear, had comparatively lower scores for FCV-19S. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of COVID-19 and depression were found to be associated with some specific knowledge, attitude & preparedness towards COVID-19 which should be adequately addressed in public health strategies to prevent the virus. Elsevier 2021-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8225288/ /pubmed/34189288 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07395 Text en © 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Islam, Md. Raisul
Sultana, Mst. Sadia
Khan, Abid Hasan
Hossain, Sahadat
Sikder, Md. Tajuddin
Hasan, M. Tasdik
Li, Zezhi
Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh
title Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh
title_full Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh
title_short Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh
title_sort fear and depressive symptoms amid covid-19: a cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in bangladesh
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34189288
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07395
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