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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer

Background: Malnutrition is common in children with cancer and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The need for supportive care is becoming ever more evident and the role of nutrition in oncology is still not sufficiently understood. In particular, the consequences of macro- and micronutri...

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Autores principales: Podpeskar, Alexandra, Crazzolara, Roman, Kropshofer, Gabriele, Hetzer, Benjamin, Meister, Bernhard, Müller, Thomas, Salvador, Christina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8226718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061800
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author Podpeskar, Alexandra
Crazzolara, Roman
Kropshofer, Gabriele
Hetzer, Benjamin
Meister, Bernhard
Müller, Thomas
Salvador, Christina
author_facet Podpeskar, Alexandra
Crazzolara, Roman
Kropshofer, Gabriele
Hetzer, Benjamin
Meister, Bernhard
Müller, Thomas
Salvador, Christina
author_sort Podpeskar, Alexandra
collection PubMed
description Background: Malnutrition is common in children with cancer and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The need for supportive care is becoming ever more evident and the role of nutrition in oncology is still not sufficiently understood. In particular, the consequences of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies require further research. As epidemiological data suggest anti-tumoral properties of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), we reviewed the role of nutrition and n-3 supplementation in pediatric oncology. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed through 5 February 2021 to select meta-analyses, systematic reviews, observational studies, and individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on macro- and micronutrient supplementation in pediatric oncology. The search strategy included the following medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords: “childhood cancer”, “pediatric oncology”, “nutritional status”, “malnutrition”, and “omega-3-fatty-acids”. The reference lists of all relevant articles were screened to include potentially pertinent studies. Results: We summarize evidence about the importance of adequate nutrition in childhood cancer and the role of n-3 PUFAs and critically interpret findings. Possible effects of supplementation on the nutritional status and benefits during chemotherapy are discussed as well as strategies for primary and secondary prevention. Conclusion: We here describe the obvious benefits of omega-3 supplementation in childhood cancer. Further large scale clinical trials are required to verify potential anti-cancer effects of n-3 fatty acids.
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spelling pubmed-82267182021-06-26 Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer Podpeskar, Alexandra Crazzolara, Roman Kropshofer, Gabriele Hetzer, Benjamin Meister, Bernhard Müller, Thomas Salvador, Christina Nutrients Review Background: Malnutrition is common in children with cancer and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The need for supportive care is becoming ever more evident and the role of nutrition in oncology is still not sufficiently understood. In particular, the consequences of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies require further research. As epidemiological data suggest anti-tumoral properties of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), we reviewed the role of nutrition and n-3 supplementation in pediatric oncology. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed through 5 February 2021 to select meta-analyses, systematic reviews, observational studies, and individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on macro- and micronutrient supplementation in pediatric oncology. The search strategy included the following medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords: “childhood cancer”, “pediatric oncology”, “nutritional status”, “malnutrition”, and “omega-3-fatty-acids”. The reference lists of all relevant articles were screened to include potentially pertinent studies. Results: We summarize evidence about the importance of adequate nutrition in childhood cancer and the role of n-3 PUFAs and critically interpret findings. Possible effects of supplementation on the nutritional status and benefits during chemotherapy are discussed as well as strategies for primary and secondary prevention. Conclusion: We here describe the obvious benefits of omega-3 supplementation in childhood cancer. Further large scale clinical trials are required to verify potential anti-cancer effects of n-3 fatty acids. MDPI 2021-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8226718/ /pubmed/34073158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061800 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Podpeskar, Alexandra
Crazzolara, Roman
Kropshofer, Gabriele
Hetzer, Benjamin
Meister, Bernhard
Müller, Thomas
Salvador, Christina
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer
title Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer
title_full Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer
title_fullStr Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer
title_short Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Pediatric Cancer
title_sort omega-3 fatty acids and their role in pediatric cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8226718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34073158
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061800
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