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Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has an estimated incidence of 1–3% of all couples. The etiology is considered to be multifactorial. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) take part in numerous different physiological processes and their contents show the originating cell and pathophysiological states in differ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8226857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122549 |
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author | Rajaratnam, Nina Ditlevsen, Nadja E. Sloth, Jenni K. Bæk, Rikke Jørgensen, Malene M. Christiansen, Ole B. |
author_facet | Rajaratnam, Nina Ditlevsen, Nadja E. Sloth, Jenni K. Bæk, Rikke Jørgensen, Malene M. Christiansen, Ole B. |
author_sort | Rajaratnam, Nina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has an estimated incidence of 1–3% of all couples. The etiology is considered to be multifactorial. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) take part in numerous different physiological processes and their contents show the originating cell and pathophysiological states in different diseases. In pregnancy disorders, changes can be seen in the composition, bioactivity and concentration of placental and non-placental EVs. RPL patients have an increased risk of pregnancy complications. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether measuring different specific EV markers in plasma before and during pregnancy could be used as predictors of pregnancy loss (PL) in women with RPL. Thirty-one RPL patients were included in this study; 25 had a live birth (LB group) and six had a new PL (PL group). Five blood samples were obtained, one before achieved pregnancy and the others in gestational week 6, 8, 10 and 16. Moreover, some of the patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions as part of treatment, and it was also examined whether this treatment influenced the EV levels. Seventeen EV markers specific for the immune system, coagulation, placenta and hypoxia were analyzed in the samples with EV Array, a method able to capture small EVs by using an antibody panel targeting membrane proteins. Comparing the LB and PL groups, one EV marker, CD9, showed a significant increase from before pregnancy to gestational week 6 in the PL group. The changes in the other 16 markers were nonsignificant. One case of late-onset PL showed steeply increasing levels, with sudden decrease after gestational week 10 in nine of 17 markers. Moreover, there was an overall increase of all 17 markers after IVIG treatment in the LB group, which was significant in 15 of the markers. Whether increases in EVs positive for CD9 characterize RPL patients who subsequently miscarry should be investigated in future larger studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8226857 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82268572021-06-26 Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? Rajaratnam, Nina Ditlevsen, Nadja E. Sloth, Jenni K. Bæk, Rikke Jørgensen, Malene M. Christiansen, Ole B. J Clin Med Article Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has an estimated incidence of 1–3% of all couples. The etiology is considered to be multifactorial. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) take part in numerous different physiological processes and their contents show the originating cell and pathophysiological states in different diseases. In pregnancy disorders, changes can be seen in the composition, bioactivity and concentration of placental and non-placental EVs. RPL patients have an increased risk of pregnancy complications. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether measuring different specific EV markers in plasma before and during pregnancy could be used as predictors of pregnancy loss (PL) in women with RPL. Thirty-one RPL patients were included in this study; 25 had a live birth (LB group) and six had a new PL (PL group). Five blood samples were obtained, one before achieved pregnancy and the others in gestational week 6, 8, 10 and 16. Moreover, some of the patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions as part of treatment, and it was also examined whether this treatment influenced the EV levels. Seventeen EV markers specific for the immune system, coagulation, placenta and hypoxia were analyzed in the samples with EV Array, a method able to capture small EVs by using an antibody panel targeting membrane proteins. Comparing the LB and PL groups, one EV marker, CD9, showed a significant increase from before pregnancy to gestational week 6 in the PL group. The changes in the other 16 markers were nonsignificant. One case of late-onset PL showed steeply increasing levels, with sudden decrease after gestational week 10 in nine of 17 markers. Moreover, there was an overall increase of all 17 markers after IVIG treatment in the LB group, which was significant in 15 of the markers. Whether increases in EVs positive for CD9 characterize RPL patients who subsequently miscarry should be investigated in future larger studies. MDPI 2021-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8226857/ /pubmed/34207656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122549 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rajaratnam, Nina Ditlevsen, Nadja E. Sloth, Jenni K. Bæk, Rikke Jørgensen, Malene M. Christiansen, Ole B. Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? |
title | Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? |
title_full | Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? |
title_fullStr | Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? |
title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? |
title_short | Extracellular Vesicles: An Important Biomarker in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? |
title_sort | extracellular vesicles: an important biomarker in recurrent pregnancy loss? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8226857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122549 |
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