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Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level

Information switching and swapping seem to be fundamental elements of quantum communication protocols. Another crucial issue is the presence of entanglement and its level in inspected quantum systems. In this article, a formal definition of the operation of the swapping local quantum information and...

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Autores principales: Sawerwain, Marek, Wiśniewska, Joanna, Gielerak, Roman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34200037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060717
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author Sawerwain, Marek
Wiśniewska, Joanna
Gielerak, Roman
author_facet Sawerwain, Marek
Wiśniewska, Joanna
Gielerak, Roman
author_sort Sawerwain, Marek
collection PubMed
description Information switching and swapping seem to be fundamental elements of quantum communication protocols. Another crucial issue is the presence of entanglement and its level in inspected quantum systems. In this article, a formal definition of the operation of the swapping local quantum information and its existence proof, together with some elementary properties analysed through the prism of the concept of the entropy, are presented. As an example of the local information swapping usage, we demonstrate a certain realisation of the quantum switch. Entanglement levels, during the work of the switch, are calculated with the Negativity measure and a separability criterion based on the von Neumann entropy, spectral decomposition and Schmidt decomposition. Results of numerical experiments, during which the entanglement levels are estimated for systems under consideration with and without distortions, are presented. The noise is generated by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the intrinsic decoherence is modelled by the Milburn equation. This work contains a switch realisation in a circuit form—built out of elementary quantum gates, and a scheme of the circuit which estimates levels of entanglement during the switch’s operating.
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spelling pubmed-82270362021-06-26 Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level Sawerwain, Marek Wiśniewska, Joanna Gielerak, Roman Entropy (Basel) Article Information switching and swapping seem to be fundamental elements of quantum communication protocols. Another crucial issue is the presence of entanglement and its level in inspected quantum systems. In this article, a formal definition of the operation of the swapping local quantum information and its existence proof, together with some elementary properties analysed through the prism of the concept of the entropy, are presented. As an example of the local information swapping usage, we demonstrate a certain realisation of the quantum switch. Entanglement levels, during the work of the switch, are calculated with the Negativity measure and a separability criterion based on the von Neumann entropy, spectral decomposition and Schmidt decomposition. Results of numerical experiments, during which the entanglement levels are estimated for systems under consideration with and without distortions, are presented. The noise is generated by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the intrinsic decoherence is modelled by the Milburn equation. This work contains a switch realisation in a circuit form—built out of elementary quantum gates, and a scheme of the circuit which estimates levels of entanglement during the switch’s operating. MDPI 2021-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8227036/ /pubmed/34200037 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060717 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sawerwain, Marek
Wiśniewska, Joanna
Gielerak, Roman
Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level
title Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level
title_full Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level
title_fullStr Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level
title_full_unstemmed Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level
title_short Switching and Swapping of Quantum Information: Entropy and Entanglement Level
title_sort switching and swapping of quantum information: entropy and entanglement level
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34200037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060717
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