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Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos

Okadaic acid (OA) is an important liposoluble shellfish toxin distributed worldwide, and is mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in human beings. It has a variety of toxicities, including cytotoxicity, embryonic toxicity, neurotoxicity, and even genotoxicity. However, there is no dir...

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Autores principales: Jiao, Yuhu, Wang, Guang, Li, Dawei, Li, Hongye, Liu, Jiesheng, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Weidong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227060/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199615
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060322
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author Jiao, Yuhu
Wang, Guang
Li, Dawei
Li, Hongye
Liu, Jiesheng
Yang, Xuesong
Yang, Weidong
author_facet Jiao, Yuhu
Wang, Guang
Li, Dawei
Li, Hongye
Liu, Jiesheng
Yang, Xuesong
Yang, Weidong
author_sort Jiao, Yuhu
collection PubMed
description Okadaic acid (OA) is an important liposoluble shellfish toxin distributed worldwide, and is mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in human beings. It has a variety of toxicities, including cytotoxicity, embryonic toxicity, neurotoxicity, and even genotoxicity. However, there is no direct evidence of its developmental toxicity in human offspring. In this study, using the chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo as the animal model, we investigated the effects of OA exposure on neurogenesis and the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). We found that OA exposure could cause NTDs and inhibit the neuronal differentiation. Immunofluorescent staining of pHI3 and c-Caspase3 demonstrated that OA exposure could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis on the developing neural tube. Besides, the down-regulation of Nrf2 and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the OA-exposed chicken embryos indicated that OA could result in oxidative stress in early chick embryos, which might enhance the risk of the subsequent NTDs. The inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the dorsal neural tube suggested that OA could also affect the formation of dorsolateral hinge points, which might ultimately hinder the closure of the neural tube. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis showed the expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), proto-oncogene protein c-fos (FOS), and C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4) in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly increased in the OA-exposed embryos, suggesting that the NTDs induced by OA might be associated with the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings could advance the understanding of the embryo–fetal developmental toxicity of OA on human gestation.
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spelling pubmed-82270602021-06-26 Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos Jiao, Yuhu Wang, Guang Li, Dawei Li, Hongye Liu, Jiesheng Yang, Xuesong Yang, Weidong Mar Drugs Article Okadaic acid (OA) is an important liposoluble shellfish toxin distributed worldwide, and is mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in human beings. It has a variety of toxicities, including cytotoxicity, embryonic toxicity, neurotoxicity, and even genotoxicity. However, there is no direct evidence of its developmental toxicity in human offspring. In this study, using the chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo as the animal model, we investigated the effects of OA exposure on neurogenesis and the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). We found that OA exposure could cause NTDs and inhibit the neuronal differentiation. Immunofluorescent staining of pHI3 and c-Caspase3 demonstrated that OA exposure could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis on the developing neural tube. Besides, the down-regulation of Nrf2 and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the OA-exposed chicken embryos indicated that OA could result in oxidative stress in early chick embryos, which might enhance the risk of the subsequent NTDs. The inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the dorsal neural tube suggested that OA could also affect the formation of dorsolateral hinge points, which might ultimately hinder the closure of the neural tube. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis showed the expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), proto-oncogene protein c-fos (FOS), and C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4) in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly increased in the OA-exposed embryos, suggesting that the NTDs induced by OA might be associated with the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings could advance the understanding of the embryo–fetal developmental toxicity of OA on human gestation. MDPI 2021-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8227060/ /pubmed/34199615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060322 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jiao, Yuhu
Wang, Guang
Li, Dawei
Li, Hongye
Liu, Jiesheng
Yang, Xuesong
Yang, Weidong
Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos
title Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos
title_full Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos
title_fullStr Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos
title_full_unstemmed Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos
title_short Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken (Gallus gallus) Embryos
title_sort okadaic acid exposure induced neural tube defects in chicken (gallus gallus) embryos
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227060/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199615
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060322
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