Cargando…

Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of work-related mortality from diseases onboard ships in seafarers. CVD burden derives mainly from modifiable risk factors. To reduce the risk factors and the burden of CVD onboard ships in seafarers, it is important to understand the up-...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sagaro, Getu Gamo, Battineni, Gopi, Di Canio, Marzio, Amenta, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060512
_version_ 1783712481217085440
author Sagaro, Getu Gamo
Battineni, Gopi
Di Canio, Marzio
Amenta, Francesco
author_facet Sagaro, Getu Gamo
Battineni, Gopi
Di Canio, Marzio
Amenta, Francesco
author_sort Sagaro, Getu Gamo
collection PubMed
description Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of work-related mortality from diseases onboard ships in seafarers. CVD burden derives mainly from modifiable risk factors. To reduce the risk factors and the burden of CVD onboard ships in seafarers, it is important to understand the up-to-date prevalence of modifiable risk factors. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and clustering of self-reported modifiable CVD risk factors among seafarers. We have also explored the association between socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and reported modifiable CVD risk factor clustering. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among seafarers from November to December 2020 on board ships. In total, 8125 seafarers aged 18 to 70 were selected from 400 ships. Data were collected using a standardized and anonymous self-reported questionnaire. The prevalence value for categorical variables and mean differences for continuous variables were compared using chi-square and independent sample t-tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to identify independent predictors for modifiable CVD risk factor clustering. Results: Out of a total of 8125 seafarers aged ≥18 years on selected vessels, 4648 seafarers volunteered to participate in the survey, with a response rate of 57.2%. Out of 4318 participants included in analysis, 44.7% and 55.3% were officers and non-officers, respectively. The prevalence of reported hypertension, diabetes, current smoking and overweight or obesity were 20.8%, 8.5%, 32.5%, and 44.7%, respectively. Overall, 40%, 20.9%, 6% and 1.3% of the study participants respectively had one, two, three and four modifiable CVD risk factors. Older age (51+ years) (odds ratio (OR): 3.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44–6.29), being non-officers (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09–1.70), job duration (10–20 years) (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.09–3.57), job duration (21+ years) (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.79–3.78), working 57–70 h per week (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.65–2.49) and working 71+ h per week (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 2.42–3.92) were independent predictors for at least two self-reported modifiable CVD risk factor clustering. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that more than four in six (68.5%) seafarers aged between 19 and 70 years have at least one of the modifiable CVD risk factors. Therefore, CVD prevention and modifiable risk factors reduction strategies targeting high-risk groups should be designed and implemented on board ships.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8227251
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82272512021-06-26 Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering Sagaro, Getu Gamo Battineni, Gopi Di Canio, Marzio Amenta, Francesco J Pers Med Article Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of work-related mortality from diseases onboard ships in seafarers. CVD burden derives mainly from modifiable risk factors. To reduce the risk factors and the burden of CVD onboard ships in seafarers, it is important to understand the up-to-date prevalence of modifiable risk factors. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and clustering of self-reported modifiable CVD risk factors among seafarers. We have also explored the association between socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and reported modifiable CVD risk factor clustering. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among seafarers from November to December 2020 on board ships. In total, 8125 seafarers aged 18 to 70 were selected from 400 ships. Data were collected using a standardized and anonymous self-reported questionnaire. The prevalence value for categorical variables and mean differences for continuous variables were compared using chi-square and independent sample t-tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to identify independent predictors for modifiable CVD risk factor clustering. Results: Out of a total of 8125 seafarers aged ≥18 years on selected vessels, 4648 seafarers volunteered to participate in the survey, with a response rate of 57.2%. Out of 4318 participants included in analysis, 44.7% and 55.3% were officers and non-officers, respectively. The prevalence of reported hypertension, diabetes, current smoking and overweight or obesity were 20.8%, 8.5%, 32.5%, and 44.7%, respectively. Overall, 40%, 20.9%, 6% and 1.3% of the study participants respectively had one, two, three and four modifiable CVD risk factors. Older age (51+ years) (odds ratio (OR): 3.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44–6.29), being non-officers (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09–1.70), job duration (10–20 years) (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.09–3.57), job duration (21+ years) (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.79–3.78), working 57–70 h per week (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.65–2.49) and working 71+ h per week (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 2.42–3.92) were independent predictors for at least two self-reported modifiable CVD risk factor clustering. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that more than four in six (68.5%) seafarers aged between 19 and 70 years have at least one of the modifiable CVD risk factors. Therefore, CVD prevention and modifiable risk factors reduction strategies targeting high-risk groups should be designed and implemented on board ships. MDPI 2021-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8227251/ /pubmed/34199824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060512 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sagaro, Getu Gamo
Battineni, Gopi
Di Canio, Marzio
Amenta, Francesco
Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering
title Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering
title_full Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering
title_fullStr Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering
title_full_unstemmed Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering
title_short Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Seafarers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering
title_sort self-reported modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among seafarers: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and clustering
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060512
work_keys_str_mv AT sagarogetugamo selfreportedmodifiableriskfactorsofcardiovasculardiseaseamongseafarersacrosssectionalstudyofprevalenceandclustering
AT battinenigopi selfreportedmodifiableriskfactorsofcardiovasculardiseaseamongseafarersacrosssectionalstudyofprevalenceandclustering
AT dicaniomarzio selfreportedmodifiableriskfactorsofcardiovasculardiseaseamongseafarersacrosssectionalstudyofprevalenceandclustering
AT amentafrancesco selfreportedmodifiableriskfactorsofcardiovasculardiseaseamongseafarersacrosssectionalstudyofprevalenceandclustering