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Bile Goes Viral

Laboratory cultivation of viruses is critical for determining requirements for viral replication, developing detection methods, identifying drug targets, and developing antivirals. Several viruses have a history of recalcitrance towards robust replication in laboratory cell lines, including human no...

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Autores principales: Tenge, Victoria R., Murakami, Kosuke, Salmen, Wilhelm, Lin, Shih-Ching, Crawford, Sue E., Neill, Frederick H., Prasad, B. V. Venkataram, Atmar, Robert L., Estes, Mary K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227374/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34071855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13060998
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author Tenge, Victoria R.
Murakami, Kosuke
Salmen, Wilhelm
Lin, Shih-Ching
Crawford, Sue E.
Neill, Frederick H.
Prasad, B. V. Venkataram
Atmar, Robert L.
Estes, Mary K.
author_facet Tenge, Victoria R.
Murakami, Kosuke
Salmen, Wilhelm
Lin, Shih-Ching
Crawford, Sue E.
Neill, Frederick H.
Prasad, B. V. Venkataram
Atmar, Robert L.
Estes, Mary K.
author_sort Tenge, Victoria R.
collection PubMed
description Laboratory cultivation of viruses is critical for determining requirements for viral replication, developing detection methods, identifying drug targets, and developing antivirals. Several viruses have a history of recalcitrance towards robust replication in laboratory cell lines, including human noroviruses and hepatitis B and C viruses. These viruses have tropism for tissue components of the enterohepatic circulation system: the intestine and liver, respectively. The purpose of this review is to discuss how key enterohepatic signaling molecules, bile acids (BAs), and BA receptors are involved in the replication of these viruses and how manipulation of these factors was useful in the development and/or optimization of culture systems for these viruses. BAs have replication-promoting activities through several key mechanisms: (1) affecting cellular uptake, membrane lipid composition, and endocytic acidification; (2) directly interacting with viral capsids to influence binding to cells; and (3) modulating the innate immune response. Additionally, expression of the Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide BA receptor in continuous liver cell lines is critical for hepatitis B virus entry and robust replication in laboratory culture. Viruses are capable of hijacking normal cellular functions, and understanding the role of BAs and BA receptors, components of the enterohepatic system, is valuable for expanding our knowledge on the mechanisms of norovirus and hepatitis B and C virus replication.
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spelling pubmed-82273742021-06-26 Bile Goes Viral Tenge, Victoria R. Murakami, Kosuke Salmen, Wilhelm Lin, Shih-Ching Crawford, Sue E. Neill, Frederick H. Prasad, B. V. Venkataram Atmar, Robert L. Estes, Mary K. Viruses Review Laboratory cultivation of viruses is critical for determining requirements for viral replication, developing detection methods, identifying drug targets, and developing antivirals. Several viruses have a history of recalcitrance towards robust replication in laboratory cell lines, including human noroviruses and hepatitis B and C viruses. These viruses have tropism for tissue components of the enterohepatic circulation system: the intestine and liver, respectively. The purpose of this review is to discuss how key enterohepatic signaling molecules, bile acids (BAs), and BA receptors are involved in the replication of these viruses and how manipulation of these factors was useful in the development and/or optimization of culture systems for these viruses. BAs have replication-promoting activities through several key mechanisms: (1) affecting cellular uptake, membrane lipid composition, and endocytic acidification; (2) directly interacting with viral capsids to influence binding to cells; and (3) modulating the innate immune response. Additionally, expression of the Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide BA receptor in continuous liver cell lines is critical for hepatitis B virus entry and robust replication in laboratory culture. Viruses are capable of hijacking normal cellular functions, and understanding the role of BAs and BA receptors, components of the enterohepatic system, is valuable for expanding our knowledge on the mechanisms of norovirus and hepatitis B and C virus replication. MDPI 2021-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8227374/ /pubmed/34071855 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13060998 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tenge, Victoria R.
Murakami, Kosuke
Salmen, Wilhelm
Lin, Shih-Ching
Crawford, Sue E.
Neill, Frederick H.
Prasad, B. V. Venkataram
Atmar, Robert L.
Estes, Mary K.
Bile Goes Viral
title Bile Goes Viral
title_full Bile Goes Viral
title_fullStr Bile Goes Viral
title_full_unstemmed Bile Goes Viral
title_short Bile Goes Viral
title_sort bile goes viral
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227374/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34071855
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13060998
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