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The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland
Background: The main source of vitamin D is skin synthesis, which depends on sunlight exposure. During the pandemic, COVID-19 children were obliged to home confinement, which potentially limiting sunlight exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether home confinement led to decreased vitam...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061990 |
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author | Rustecka, Agnieszka Maret, Justyna Drab, Ada Leszczyńska, Michalina Tomaszewska, Agata Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka Będzichowska, Agata Kalicki, Bolesław Kubiak, Jacek Z. |
author_facet | Rustecka, Agnieszka Maret, Justyna Drab, Ada Leszczyńska, Michalina Tomaszewska, Agata Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka Będzichowska, Agata Kalicki, Bolesław Kubiak, Jacek Z. |
author_sort | Rustecka, Agnieszka |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: The main source of vitamin D is skin synthesis, which depends on sunlight exposure. During the pandemic, COVID-19 children were obliged to home confinement, which potentially limiting sunlight exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether home confinement led to decreased vitamin D serum levels in children in Warsaw, Poland. Methods: The study included 1472 children who were divided into two groups, based on the date of 25(OH)D level blood sampling: before and during the pandemic. Children under 1 year of age (infants) were analysed separately. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the average level of vitamin D was observed between groups of children over 1 year of age (35 ng/mL ± 18 vs. 31 ng/mL ± 14). In infants from both groups, the mean vitamin D levels were within the normal range (Group 1 inf 54 ng/mL ± 21 vs. Group 2 inf 47 ng/mL ± 15). The characteristic seasonal variability was observed before the pandemic, with maximal vitamin D levels in summer (40 ng/mL ± 17) and minimal levels in winter (30 ng/mL ± 14). During the pandemic, no seasonal variability was observed (summer 30 ng/mL ± 11 vs. winter 30 ng/mL ± 19). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions led to a significant decrease in vitamin D serum levels in children. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8227523 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82275232021-06-26 The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland Rustecka, Agnieszka Maret, Justyna Drab, Ada Leszczyńska, Michalina Tomaszewska, Agata Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka Będzichowska, Agata Kalicki, Bolesław Kubiak, Jacek Z. Nutrients Article Background: The main source of vitamin D is skin synthesis, which depends on sunlight exposure. During the pandemic, COVID-19 children were obliged to home confinement, which potentially limiting sunlight exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether home confinement led to decreased vitamin D serum levels in children in Warsaw, Poland. Methods: The study included 1472 children who were divided into two groups, based on the date of 25(OH)D level blood sampling: before and during the pandemic. Children under 1 year of age (infants) were analysed separately. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the average level of vitamin D was observed between groups of children over 1 year of age (35 ng/mL ± 18 vs. 31 ng/mL ± 14). In infants from both groups, the mean vitamin D levels were within the normal range (Group 1 inf 54 ng/mL ± 21 vs. Group 2 inf 47 ng/mL ± 15). The characteristic seasonal variability was observed before the pandemic, with maximal vitamin D levels in summer (40 ng/mL ± 17) and minimal levels in winter (30 ng/mL ± 14). During the pandemic, no seasonal variability was observed (summer 30 ng/mL ± 11 vs. winter 30 ng/mL ± 19). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions led to a significant decrease in vitamin D serum levels in children. MDPI 2021-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8227523/ /pubmed/34207901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061990 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rustecka, Agnieszka Maret, Justyna Drab, Ada Leszczyńska, Michalina Tomaszewska, Agata Lipińska-Opałka, Agnieszka Będzichowska, Agata Kalicki, Bolesław Kubiak, Jacek Z. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland |
title | The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland |
title_full | The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland |
title_fullStr | The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland |
title_short | The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic during 2020–2021 on the Vitamin D Serum Levels in the Paediatric Population in Warsaw, Poland |
title_sort | impact of covid-19 pandemic during 2020–2021 on the vitamin d serum levels in the paediatric population in warsaw, poland |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34207901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061990 |
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