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An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the intracranial vasculature, with an irregular tendency to rupture, and as of yet incompletely deciphered pathophysiology. Because of their variety in location, morp...

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Autores principales: Florian, Ioan Alexandru, Buruiana, Andrei, Timis, Teodora Larisa, Susman, Sergiu, Florian, Ioan Stefan, Balasa, Adrian, Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199498
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061373
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author Florian, Ioan Alexandru
Buruiana, Andrei
Timis, Teodora Larisa
Susman, Sergiu
Florian, Ioan Stefan
Balasa, Adrian
Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana
author_facet Florian, Ioan Alexandru
Buruiana, Andrei
Timis, Teodora Larisa
Susman, Sergiu
Florian, Ioan Stefan
Balasa, Adrian
Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana
author_sort Florian, Ioan Alexandru
collection PubMed
description Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the intracranial vasculature, with an irregular tendency to rupture, and as of yet incompletely deciphered pathophysiology. Because of their variety in location, morphology, and size, as well as unpredictable natural history, they represent a management challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strands of non-coding RNA of around 20 nucleotides that are able to modulate the expression of target genes by binding completely or partially to their respective complementary sequences. Recent breakthroughs have been made on elucidating their contribution to BAVM and CCM occurrence, growth, and evolution; however, there are still countless gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved. Methods: We have searched the Medline (PubMed; PubMed Central) database for pertinent articles on miRNAs and their putative implications in BAVMs and CCMs. To this purpose, we employed various permutations of the terms and idioms: ‘arteriovenous malformation’, ‘AVM’, and ‘BAVM’, or ‘cavernous malformation’, ‘cavernoma’, and ‘cavernous angioma’ on the one hand; and ‘microRNA’, ‘miRNA’, and ‘miR’ on the other. Using cross-reference search; we then investigated additional articles concerning the individual miRNAs identified in other cerebral diseases. Results: Seven miRNAs were discovered to play a role in BAVMs, three of which were downregulated (miR-18a, miR-137, and miR-195*) and four upregulated (miR-7-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7b-3p). Similarly, eight miRNAs were identified in CCM in humans and experimental animal models, two being upregulated (miR-27a and mmu-miR-3472a), and six downregulated (miR-125a, miR-361-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-181a-2-3p, miR-95-3p, and let-7b-3p). Conclusions: The following literature review endeavored to address the recent discoveries related to the various implications of miRNAs in the formation and growth of BAVMs and CCMs. Additionally, by presenting other cerebral pathologies correlated with these miRNAs, it aimed to emphasize the potential directions of upcoming research and biological therapies.
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spelling pubmed-82275732021-06-26 An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain Florian, Ioan Alexandru Buruiana, Andrei Timis, Teodora Larisa Susman, Sergiu Florian, Ioan Stefan Balasa, Adrian Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana Cells Review Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the intracranial vasculature, with an irregular tendency to rupture, and as of yet incompletely deciphered pathophysiology. Because of their variety in location, morphology, and size, as well as unpredictable natural history, they represent a management challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strands of non-coding RNA of around 20 nucleotides that are able to modulate the expression of target genes by binding completely or partially to their respective complementary sequences. Recent breakthroughs have been made on elucidating their contribution to BAVM and CCM occurrence, growth, and evolution; however, there are still countless gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved. Methods: We have searched the Medline (PubMed; PubMed Central) database for pertinent articles on miRNAs and their putative implications in BAVMs and CCMs. To this purpose, we employed various permutations of the terms and idioms: ‘arteriovenous malformation’, ‘AVM’, and ‘BAVM’, or ‘cavernous malformation’, ‘cavernoma’, and ‘cavernous angioma’ on the one hand; and ‘microRNA’, ‘miRNA’, and ‘miR’ on the other. Using cross-reference search; we then investigated additional articles concerning the individual miRNAs identified in other cerebral diseases. Results: Seven miRNAs were discovered to play a role in BAVMs, three of which were downregulated (miR-18a, miR-137, and miR-195*) and four upregulated (miR-7-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7b-3p). Similarly, eight miRNAs were identified in CCM in humans and experimental animal models, two being upregulated (miR-27a and mmu-miR-3472a), and six downregulated (miR-125a, miR-361-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-181a-2-3p, miR-95-3p, and let-7b-3p). Conclusions: The following literature review endeavored to address the recent discoveries related to the various implications of miRNAs in the formation and growth of BAVMs and CCMs. Additionally, by presenting other cerebral pathologies correlated with these miRNAs, it aimed to emphasize the potential directions of upcoming research and biological therapies. MDPI 2021-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8227573/ /pubmed/34199498 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061373 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Florian, Ioan Alexandru
Buruiana, Andrei
Timis, Teodora Larisa
Susman, Sergiu
Florian, Ioan Stefan
Balasa, Adrian
Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana
An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
title An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
title_full An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
title_fullStr An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
title_full_unstemmed An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
title_short An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain
title_sort insight into the micrornas associated with arteriovenous and cavernous malformations of the brain
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227573/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34199498
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061373
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