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Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles

Although crocodilians have attracted enormous attention in other research fields, from the cytogenetic point of view, this group remains understudied. Here, we analyzed the karyotypes of eight species formally described from the Alligatoridae family using differential staining, fluorescence in situ...

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Autores principales: Oliveira, Vanessa C. S., Altmanová, Marie, Viana, Patrik F., Ezaz, Tariq, Bertollo, Luiz A. C., Ráb, Petr, Liehr, Thomas, Al-Rikabi, Ahmed, Feldberg, Eliana, Hatanaka, Terumi, Scholz, Sebastian, Meurer, Alexander, de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228166/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198806
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061397
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author Oliveira, Vanessa C. S.
Altmanová, Marie
Viana, Patrik F.
Ezaz, Tariq
Bertollo, Luiz A. C.
Ráb, Petr
Liehr, Thomas
Al-Rikabi, Ahmed
Feldberg, Eliana
Hatanaka, Terumi
Scholz, Sebastian
Meurer, Alexander
de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo
author_facet Oliveira, Vanessa C. S.
Altmanová, Marie
Viana, Patrik F.
Ezaz, Tariq
Bertollo, Luiz A. C.
Ráb, Petr
Liehr, Thomas
Al-Rikabi, Ahmed
Feldberg, Eliana
Hatanaka, Terumi
Scholz, Sebastian
Meurer, Alexander
de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo
author_sort Oliveira, Vanessa C. S.
collection PubMed
description Although crocodilians have attracted enormous attention in other research fields, from the cytogenetic point of view, this group remains understudied. Here, we analyzed the karyotypes of eight species formally described from the Alligatoridae family using differential staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization with rDNA and repetitive motifs as a probe, whole chromosome painting (WCP), and comparative genome hybridization. All Caimaninae species have a diploid chromosome number (2n) 42 and karyotypes dominated by acrocentric chromosomes, in contrast to both species of Alligatorinae, which have 2n = 32 and karyotypes that are predominantly metacentric, suggesting fusion/fission rearrangements. Our WCP results supported this scenario by revealing the homeology of the largest metacentric pair present in both Alligator spp. with two smaller pairs of acrocentrics in Caimaninae species. The clusters of 18S rDNA were found on one chromosome pair in all species, except for Paleosuchus spp., which possessed three chromosome pairs bearing these sites. Similarly, comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated an advanced stage of sequence divergence among the caiman genomes, with Paleosuchus standing out as the most divergent. Thus, although Alligatoridae exhibited rather low species diversity and some level of karyotype stasis, their genomic content indicates that they are not as conserved as previously thought. These new data deepen the discussion of cytotaxonomy in this family.
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spelling pubmed-82281662021-06-26 Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles Oliveira, Vanessa C. S. Altmanová, Marie Viana, Patrik F. Ezaz, Tariq Bertollo, Luiz A. C. Ráb, Petr Liehr, Thomas Al-Rikabi, Ahmed Feldberg, Eliana Hatanaka, Terumi Scholz, Sebastian Meurer, Alexander de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo Cells Article Although crocodilians have attracted enormous attention in other research fields, from the cytogenetic point of view, this group remains understudied. Here, we analyzed the karyotypes of eight species formally described from the Alligatoridae family using differential staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization with rDNA and repetitive motifs as a probe, whole chromosome painting (WCP), and comparative genome hybridization. All Caimaninae species have a diploid chromosome number (2n) 42 and karyotypes dominated by acrocentric chromosomes, in contrast to both species of Alligatorinae, which have 2n = 32 and karyotypes that are predominantly metacentric, suggesting fusion/fission rearrangements. Our WCP results supported this scenario by revealing the homeology of the largest metacentric pair present in both Alligator spp. with two smaller pairs of acrocentrics in Caimaninae species. The clusters of 18S rDNA were found on one chromosome pair in all species, except for Paleosuchus spp., which possessed three chromosome pairs bearing these sites. Similarly, comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated an advanced stage of sequence divergence among the caiman genomes, with Paleosuchus standing out as the most divergent. Thus, although Alligatoridae exhibited rather low species diversity and some level of karyotype stasis, their genomic content indicates that they are not as conserved as previously thought. These new data deepen the discussion of cytotaxonomy in this family. MDPI 2021-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8228166/ /pubmed/34198806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061397 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Oliveira, Vanessa C. S.
Altmanová, Marie
Viana, Patrik F.
Ezaz, Tariq
Bertollo, Luiz A. C.
Ráb, Petr
Liehr, Thomas
Al-Rikabi, Ahmed
Feldberg, Eliana
Hatanaka, Terumi
Scholz, Sebastian
Meurer, Alexander
de Bello Cioffi, Marcelo
Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles
title Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles
title_full Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles
title_fullStr Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles
title_full_unstemmed Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles
title_short Revisiting the Karyotypes of Alligators and Caimans (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae) after a Half-Century Delay: Bridging the Gap in the Chromosomal Evolution of Reptiles
title_sort revisiting the karyotypes of alligators and caimans (crocodylia, alligatoridae) after a half-century delay: bridging the gap in the chromosomal evolution of reptiles
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228166/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34198806
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061397
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