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Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus with a broad species tropism, originating in pteropid bats. Human outbreaks of NiV disease occur almost annually, often with high case-fatality rates. The specific events that lead to pathogenesis are not well defined, but the disease has both...

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Autores principales: DeBuysscher, Blair L., Scott, Dana P., Rosenke, Rebecca, Wahl, Victoria, Feldmann, Heinz, Prescott, Joseph
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34070626
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061319
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author DeBuysscher, Blair L.
Scott, Dana P.
Rosenke, Rebecca
Wahl, Victoria
Feldmann, Heinz
Prescott, Joseph
author_facet DeBuysscher, Blair L.
Scott, Dana P.
Rosenke, Rebecca
Wahl, Victoria
Feldmann, Heinz
Prescott, Joseph
author_sort DeBuysscher, Blair L.
collection PubMed
description Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus with a broad species tropism, originating in pteropid bats. Human outbreaks of NiV disease occur almost annually, often with high case-fatality rates. The specific events that lead to pathogenesis are not well defined, but the disease has both respiratory and encephalitic components, with relapsing encephalitis occurring in some cases more than a year after initial infection. Several cell types are targets of NiV, dictated by the expression of the ephrin-B2/3 ligand on the cell’s outer membrane, which interact with the NiV surface proteins. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are major targets of infection. Cytopathic effects (CPE), characterized by syncytia formation and cell death, and an ensuing vasculitis, are a major feature of the disease. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the tunica media that line small blood vessels are infected in humans and animal models of NiV disease, although pathology or histologic changes associated with antigen-positive SMCs have not been reported. To gain an understanding of the possible contributions that SMCs might have in the development of NiV disease, we investigated the susceptibility and potential cytopathogenic changes of human SMCs to NiV infection in vitro. SMCs were permissive for NiV infection and resulted in high titers and prolonged NiV production, despite a lack of cytopathogenicity, and in the absence of detectable ephrin-B2/3. These results indicate that SMC might be important contributors to disease by producing progeny NiV during an infection, without suffering cytopathogenic consequences.
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spelling pubmed-82283312021-06-26 Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect DeBuysscher, Blair L. Scott, Dana P. Rosenke, Rebecca Wahl, Victoria Feldmann, Heinz Prescott, Joseph Cells Article Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus with a broad species tropism, originating in pteropid bats. Human outbreaks of NiV disease occur almost annually, often with high case-fatality rates. The specific events that lead to pathogenesis are not well defined, but the disease has both respiratory and encephalitic components, with relapsing encephalitis occurring in some cases more than a year after initial infection. Several cell types are targets of NiV, dictated by the expression of the ephrin-B2/3 ligand on the cell’s outer membrane, which interact with the NiV surface proteins. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are major targets of infection. Cytopathic effects (CPE), characterized by syncytia formation and cell death, and an ensuing vasculitis, are a major feature of the disease. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the tunica media that line small blood vessels are infected in humans and animal models of NiV disease, although pathology or histologic changes associated with antigen-positive SMCs have not been reported. To gain an understanding of the possible contributions that SMCs might have in the development of NiV disease, we investigated the susceptibility and potential cytopathogenic changes of human SMCs to NiV infection in vitro. SMCs were permissive for NiV infection and resulted in high titers and prolonged NiV production, despite a lack of cytopathogenicity, and in the absence of detectable ephrin-B2/3. These results indicate that SMC might be important contributors to disease by producing progeny NiV during an infection, without suffering cytopathogenic consequences. MDPI 2021-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8228331/ /pubmed/34070626 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061319 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
DeBuysscher, Blair L.
Scott, Dana P.
Rosenke, Rebecca
Wahl, Victoria
Feldmann, Heinz
Prescott, Joseph
Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect
title Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect
title_full Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect
title_fullStr Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect
title_full_unstemmed Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect
title_short Nipah Virus Efficiently Replicates in Human Smooth Muscle Cells without Cytopathic Effect
title_sort nipah virus efficiently replicates in human smooth muscle cells without cytopathic effect
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8228331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34070626
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061319
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